Endocrine Abstracts

Endometriosis is one of the commonly occurring disorders of reproductive women, which represents attachment of functional endometrial cells and tissue outside the uterine cavity, culminates into infertility. This invasive disorder is still under quest for novel treatment strategies. Naringenin is a plant-derived flavonoid having anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties in chronic and metabolic diseases. The study was planned with an objective to de...

Background: Hypospadias in boys may be associated with a lack of androgen exposure during the masculinisation programming window. As testosterone has effects on the vasculature, we assessed whether boys with hypospadias show evidence of vascular dysfunction.Methods: Excess foreskin tissue was obtained from boys undergoing hypospadias repair (cases) or circumcision (controls) and small arteries dissected. Vascular contractility was assessed by wire myogra...

Aim: Assess the effectiveness of management of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1) with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).Materials and Methods: Pregnant women with DM 1 with CSII (n=21) - the main group and on multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) (n=216) - the comparison group. We used different models of the Medtronic pumps. The inclusion in the comparison group carried out by a continuous method. The ...

Introduction: Women with Turner syndrome (TS) have an increased risk of aortic dissection. Aortic dilatation, bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) and hypertension confer increased risk of dissection. However, only some women with these risk factors develop dissection, and others with no risk markers may dissect. Knowledge of the development of the aortopathy over time is limited. We investigate aortic dimension changes in unselected adult TS and associations between aortic growth and ...

Introduction: Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) can be associated with an increased risk of germ cell tumours depending on the underlying diagnosis. To date however knowledge regarding the indications and timing of gonadectomy is lacking.Methods: The I-DSD Registry was interrogated for anonymised information regarding the diagnosis, karyotype, sex of rearing and timing of gonadectomy, if undertaken, of all individuals of any karyotype who were over the ...

Introduction: Elongated transverse aortic arch (ETA) has recently been described as the commonest abnormality (≅50%) in Turner syndrome (TS), exceeding the prevalence of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV; 10–30%) and aortic coarctation (CoA; 7–18%). Nevertheless only few studies focused on ETA. ETA was associated with BAV, CoA, 45,X and aortic dilatation.Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and associations of ETA in adult TS, unselected for cardiova...

Background: Current guidelines recommend regular monitoring of total testosterone, haematocrit and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) when androgen-deficient males are commenced on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). The aim is to restore serum total testosterone to the mid-normal range, whilst maintaining haematocrit and PSA at the recommended levels. Limited studies have assessed the impact of ethnicity on these biochemical parameters.Aim: To measure ...

Background: As diagnostic workup and management of patients with Disorders of Sex Development (DSD) evolves, access to the latest advances should continue.Aims: To explore whether DSD patients in the West Midlands Region (WMR) remain under follow up, having optimal diagnostic workup and management.Method: An unselected cohort of 48 patients with discrepant phenotypic gender and sex chromosomes in the WMR were identified from the re...

Introduction: Women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) may complain of various symptoms and consequently be seen by clinicians in a range of settings. Management is multifactorial and may vary depending on the awareness of practitioners within each specialty/subspecialty. In 2015, the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) published guidelines on the management of POI. These state that women should have the following investigations: karyotype; s...

Background: Menopause marks the permanent cessation of periods for a woman. It is commonly associated with cognitive impairment. Oestrogens and progestins have been known to have a profound effect on the central nervous system and can exert neuroprotective effects on the cellular level. This led to the hypothesis that administration of oestrogens, progestins or a combination of both in the form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can have a protective or therapeutic effect ag...

Introduction: There is a need to understand testicular development in adolescents with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).Objective: To evaluate testicular development and function in DMD over 12 months.Methods: All data are presented as median(range). 23 boys aged 12.4 years (10.0, 16.8) with a bone age delay of 0.9 years (−2.4, 7.1) had physical and biochemical assessment of puberty at Month 0(M0) and Month 12(M12) and divid...

Sex hormones are important determinant of body composition. The significant negative correlation between testosterone and obesity, positive correlation between testosterone and muscle mass and that testosterone therapy increases muscle mass in hypogonadal men is well-known.Objectives: To assess the impact of total testosterone (TT) level on body composition in men with T2D.Methods: A cross-sectional study involving men with T2D (<e...

Background: The benefits of patient education in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are known but a cost effective way to offer the education to these patients need to be assessed. As part of a quality improvement project in an outpatient setting we tested the idea of incorporating group education for women with PCOS in their routine care process. We tested two different methods.Methods: 1. January-June 2017: Ad hoc open patient invitation<p...

Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is a disorder associated with functional inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis due to deficiency of pulsatile GnRH. The incidence of FHA ranges from 15 to 48% of all secondary amenorrheas. The abnormal GnRH secretion leads to decreased pulses of gonadotropins, absent midcycle surges in luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, absence of normal follicular development, anovulation, and low estradiol (E2). Causes of FHA can be ...

According to population registries prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the world is about 10%. Global trends show growth of CKD due to diabetic nephropathy, chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, secondary nephropathies. Kidney transplantation is a ‘golden standard’ in CKD treatment. Is it performed about 100 times per year in The republican research and practice center for organ and tissue transplantation. The aim of the study was to evaluate menstrual func...

The mechanism of the adverse influence of genistein; a soya phytoestrogen on foetal development is still poorly understood. Previous reports showed adverse effects on thyroid and leptin hormone, C-reactive protein and thyroxin kinase activities. This study evaluated the changes to the level of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) and placenta growth factor (PGF) in rat pregnancy exposed to genistein. Pregnant rats grouped into 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg genistein treated groups w...

The leaves and seeds of Buchholzia coriacea (BC) are known to have antimalarial effect. Many antibiotic and antimalarial agents are known to have antifertility actions. This study was designed to investigate the effect of the aqueous seed extract of buccholzia coriacea on fertility parameters in female rats. Forty regularly cycling rats were randomly divided into two equal groups: BC-treated group (BCT group) received aqueous extract of the seed (200 mg/kg) and the co...

Sex development in zebrafish is highly plastic, making this species an ideal model for investigation of endocrine disruption and gonadal development and function. However, the hormonal regulation of these processes in zebrafish is poorly understood. We have used a model of androgen and glucocorticoid deficiency to explore these processes. In humans, ferredoxin (FDX1) is an electron-providing cofactor required for steroid biosynthesis. The zebrafish homologue of FDX1, ...

Placenta is an endocrine organ, secreting steroids (progesterone [P4], estrogens) and hCG, thanks to villous tissu (cytotrophoblasts [VCT] and syncytiotrophoblast [ST]). P4 is required for implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. P4 is synthetized from maternal cholesterol thanks to mitochondrial transporter MLN64 and P450SCC and HSD3B1 enzymes. We aimed to characterize P4 production in human placenta during VCTs differentiation into ST in vitro. VCTs isolated from ...

Heavy metals are present in different waste types and products found in landfills and they are known not only to pose considerable health risk in the waste management sector but also specifically engender health hazards for the environment and people living near the landfills and dumpsites. However, there is little evidence associating male proximity to dumpsites with reproductive function. This study was carried out to examine the effects of heavy metal levels on reproductive...

Turner Syndrome (TS) affects 1:2500 females and is caused by the partial or complete loss of one X chromosome. About 80% of women with TS experience primary amenorrhea and therefore the only option for fertility treatment is ovum donation (OD). The remaining 20% may have the opportunity for a spontaneous pregnancy. Pregnancy in women with TS has been associated with excess obstetric risk such as miscarriage and hypertension. Maternal mortality has been estimated to be 2% risk ...

Coupling the release of pituitary hormones to the developmental stage of the oocyte is essential for female fertility. It requires estrogen to have simultaneous positive and negative feedback effects on spatially-distinct regions of the hypothalamus. However, the mechanistic basis for this differential effect is not known. We have found that negative-feedback is mediated by the nuclear receptor Dax1, which is present in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus and serves as a ligand-d...

Background: During IVF treatment, a pharmacological dose of recombinant FSH (rFSH) is used to induce multi-follicular growth (controlled ovarian stimulation; COS). An insufficient dose of rFSH negatively impacts the number of oocytes retrieved, whereas an excessive dose risks the potentially life-threatening complication ‘ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome’. Hence, appropriate rFSH dosing is regarded as a key treatment decision affecting both the success and safety of...