Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy, with a notable increase in incidence over recent decades. Despite the generally positive prognosis, managing DTC remains intricate, often involving thyroidectomy followed by radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy. The response to RAI varies significantly among patients, underscoring the need for reliable predictors of treatment efficacy. New guidelines emphasize the importance of personalized ...

Introduction: Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is one of the most common endocrine disorders worldwide met in young patients, which leads to hypothyroidism because of durable autoimmune inflammation. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a widespread disorder that severely influences the quality of life, and is also prevalent in young patients. The scientific interest is in studying the peculiarities of gut microbiome alterations in patients with the current comorbid pathology. <p...

Introduction: The thyroid gland, shaped like a butterfly with two lobes connected by the isthmus, is a common site for nodule formation. Only 2-9% thyroid cancers occur in the isthmus. Cancers in the isthmus are more prone to spread beyond the thyroid, leading to a less favourable prognosis. While ultrasound features like a taller-than-wide shape and microcalcifications suggest malignancy in lobar nodules, suspicious characteristics in isthmus nodules are underreported.<p ...

Introduction: Measurement of basal (bCT) and stimulated calcitonin (sCT) after calcium gluconate infusion can help detect early-stage medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). However there are no standardized cutoffs to discriminate between MTC and other thyroid conditions including c-cell hyperplasia. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 62 consecutive calcium gluconate stimulation tests performed in 2 Italian institutions from 2015 to 2024. Patien...

Introduction: Metastatic disease to the thyroid is common due to its rich blood supply, with autopsy series showing prevalence from 1.25% to 24%. The most frequent primary sites include the kidney, lung, breast, head and neck, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. However, non-thyroid malignant tumors are rarely diagnosed clinically and often misinterpreted as primary thyroid tumors, especially in patients with multinodular goiter.Case presentation: This cas...

Introduction: Minimally-invasive management of thyroid nodules has recently garnered limelight as a treatment strategy. The first-line treatment for benign cystic and predominantly-cystic nodules with symptoms/cosmetic concerns includes aspiration, associated with high recurrence rates. This study was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) for the treatment of cystic and predominantly-cystic thyroid nodules. <p class="abstext...

Introduction: Non-Thyroidal Illness Syndrome (NTIS) is characterized by decreased serum concentration of thyroid hormones – typically free triiodothyronine (FT3). This adaptive response has been commonly observed in critically ill patients, including those with COVID-19. This study investigates the prevalence of thyroid hormone abnormalities in COVID-19 patients and their association with disease mortality.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analy...

Thyroid hormones (TH) stimulate the growth of microglia cellular processes, which are reduced in hypothyroid and increased in hyperthyroid pups. However, how TH triggers its effects on these cells remains unexplored. Using confocal immunofluorescence, we have found that in the brains of postnatal day (P)5 mice, infiltrating microglia with a motile ameboid phenotype (lectin tomato and iba1 positive) exhibit strong staining of the inactivating deiodinase type 3 (D3). However, wh...

Introduction: Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC), the most frequent thyroid cancer, has excellent prognosis. Risk factors for lymph node metastatic spread are capsular invasion and size >1 cm. The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant delays in thyroid cancer diagnosis due to social isolation with consequent reduced medical referral. The lack of patient examination and of ultrasonography (US) led to inadequate thyroid nodule and cancer recurrence evaluation. We hereby presen...

Introduction: The lipid metabolism is significantly influenced by thyroid hormones. It is well established that overt hypothyroidism (OH) is linked to elevated lipids; however, there is ongoing debate over its impact on subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between serum lipid levels and hypothyroidism and to assess the effect of levothyroxine treatment on lipid profile.Methods: Parametric data were tested ...

Introduction: A thyroid storm (TS) (or thyrotoxic crisis) is a rare, acute, life-threatening endocrine emergency characterized by severe clinical manifestations of thyrotoxicosis. The mortality rate is between 10 and 30%. So this condition must be quickly identified and treated by clinicians. Plasma exchange(PE) has been used as a treatment option for thyroid storms. However, to date, there have been only a few studies assessing the effect of PE with varying results.<p cla...

Introduction: Thyrotoxicosis is a clinical state of inappropriately high levels of circulating thyroid hormones (TH), most commonly caused by Graves’ disease (GD). First line treatment includes antithyroid drugs (ATD). Complications such as agranulocytosis could limit their use, leaving radioactive iodine treatment (RIT) as a treatment of choice.Case presentation: A 67-year-old woman was admitted for severe thyrotoxicosis (TSH <0.01 mIU/l, FT4 5...