Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Recent reports have suggested a link between the thyroid hormone (TH) signalling pathway and liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Deiodinases are enzymes responsible for the peripheral metabolism of TH. Although the expression of deiodinases type 1 (D1) and 3 (D3) has been shown to change during induced liver injury, their role in hepatocarcinogenesis is still poorly understood.Aims: To evaluate the role of deiodinases and...

Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are central players and the most abundant cell type in the breast cancer tumor microenvironment and own a well-recognized role in tumor initiation, progression, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis as well as resistance to treatment, making them attractive novel targets for anti-tumor therapy. There is increasing evidence for an association between thyroid function and breast cancer risk, and thyroid hormone- mediated effects through the ...

Macrophages are phagocytic immune cells with many functions, including fighting infections and wound healing. As a result, they are also involved in many diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. Macrophages have been identified as thyroid hormone (TH) target cells, but the link between TH and the immune system is not yet fully understood. The active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) exerts its action through the nuclear thyroid hormone ...

It has long been known that thyroid hormones (TH) are essential to orchestrate the correct development of the brain. For many years it has also been recognised that TH need of transporter proteins to access target tissues and cells. Moreover, in the last 20 years the Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) has emerged as a TH transporter of great physiopathological importance, as mutations in MCT8 lead to severe neurological alterations already from prenatal stages. Despite the i...

Head and neck cancer (HNC) represents one of the most diagnosed cancer types. To date, radiotherapy is among the main approaches for the HNC treatment. Radiation of tumors unavoidably results in off-side effects on the surrounding tissues, such as the thyroid, causing hypothyroidism. Previous studies have revealed that radiation can damage thyroid cells directly, impair their mitosis, or induce an auto-immune response. Here, we investigate thyroid stem-like cells’ faith f...

Thyroid hormones (TH) play a regulatory role in growth and development as well as cardiovascular function and thermogenesis. Furthermore, an excess of TH can cause anxiety and nervousness in hyperthyroid patients. While the direct effects of an imbalance in the TH system on peripheral organs like the heart and the liver are well studied, there is evidence of a central component of regulation. In this project, we aim to understand the contributions of the central nervous system...

Objectives: It has been extensively demonstrated that hypothyroidism can profoundly disrupt the ontogenesis and functions of the brain, leading to impairments in cognitive abilities and psychosis. This can occur due to an imbalance induced by hypothyroidism in the physiologically programmed formation of neurons within specific time windows and brain regions. It is unclear whether mutations in the mammalian thyroid morphogenic genes Pax8 and Nkx2-1 may directly or indirectly co...

Objective: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as one of the main hepatic metabolic alterations, often associated with elevated high-fat diet (HFD) consumption. Hepatic lipid accumulation may progress in metabolic alterations involving increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The main intracellular source of ROS are mitochondria, which are also responsible for lipid metabolism. Thus, alterations of mitochondrial machinery are widely recognized a...

Thyroid hormones (THs) are pivotal in orchestrating neurodevelopment and regulating adult brain function. Recent investigations into rodents have unveiled the potent effects THs have in adult neurogenic niches, particularly in the subventricular zone (SVZ), the brain’s largest neural stem cell (NSC) niche. THs influence neurogliogenesis, finely controlling processes such as cell cycle and progenitor determination, directing either neuronal or oligodendroglial commitment. ...

Background: The increasing global prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) emphasizes its significant health implications, including liver inflammation, cirrhosis, and malignancy. Thyroid hormones (TH) play a vital role in hepatic energy metabolism, and their reduced local availability in the liver is associated with MASLD development. This study presents the comprehensive characterization of functional components of the TH system in human...