Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: In the pathogenesis of thyroid eye disease (TED) activated fibroblasts in the orbital connective tissue show increased proliferation, hyaluronan (HA) production, and adipogenic differentiation potential. As a result of these, the orbital tissue volume expands and the intraorbital pressure increases. Mechanical stimuli, including high intraorbital pressure, may lead to the activation of mechanosensitive receptors, such as Piezo1, whose presence in orbital fibrobla...

Background: Thyrotropin receptor (TSH-R) stimulating autoantibodies (TSAb) are present in 95-99% of patients with Graves’ disease (GD). TSAb are functional, impact thyroid function, and are clinically relevant. This study we performed in pediatric patients with dynamic of Graves’ disease before and during methimazole therapy and in a patient with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) using a novel and ultra-rapid TSAb bioassay.Methods: All samples ...

Objectives: Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is an autoimmune process affecting orbital tissues, characterized by an active florid inflammation phase, followed by an inactive fibrotic phase. Treatments include immunosuppressants, usually glucocorticoids (GC), administered in the active phase, and rehabilitative orbital surgery in the inactive phase. The most severe TED cases are characterized by dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON), requiring emergency GC and surgical treatments. We aim...

Introduction: During the course of thyroid eye disease (TED) immune cells infiltrate the orbital connective tissue leading to overstimulation of orbital fibroblasts (OFs). In the persistent inflammatory environment, OFs differentiate into myofibroblasts or adipocytes, simultaneously creating two phenotypes with different morphology and function. Activated OFs secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors and contribute to the prolonged inflammation, among other things ...

Introduction: Graves’ disease (GD), an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism and thyroid eye disease (TED), presents a multifaceted challenge in understanding its pathogenesis and developing effective treatments. The decision to conduct this analysis stems from a notable observation in our mouse model of GD/TED. Despite observing substantial alterations in the thyroid gland and orbit, we consistently encounter challenges in demonstrating significantly incre...

Objectives: Graves’ disease (GD) arises from the stimulatory action of TSH receptor antibodies (TSH-RAb). The involvement of innate immune cells has been explored with contradictory results. Through natural cytotoxicity and production of cytokines, Natural Killer (NK) cells respond to various challenges and regulate other immune cells (dendritic cells, monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes) either promoting or inhibiting their proliferation. NK cells are classified, based on...

Introduction: Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is multifactorial disease. Interaction between cellular and humoral immunity is base of HT’s pathogenesis. HT’s assessment is difficult because the prevalence of patient with an increased titer of thyroid’s autoantibody and normal thyroid’s function is high. Our research focuses on the estimating of the prevalence of HT in certain regions of the Russian Federation (Tula Region and Chechen Republic), and estima...

Objective: Graves’ disease (GD), also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is an autoimmune thyroid disorder caused by thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies (TSAb) against the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR), resulting in overstimulation of the thyroid gland and hyperthyroidism. Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the orbit and the most common extra thyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD) affecting approximately 40% of GD patients. A complex i...