Endocrine Abstracts

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a pressing problem of modern medicine. The prevalence of MS has a worldwide tendency to increase and depends on many factors, which explains the difficulty in diagnosis, prevention programs and treatment of this pathology. It has been established that MS has a multifactorial etiology, in which psycho-social factors, genetic and environmental factors are important. At the subclinical stage, functional and biochemical changes associated with MS are reversible and with proper treatment, the severity of MS manifestations can be reduced. MS is defined as a combination of 3 of 5 conditions: central obesity, decreased cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, increased triglycerides and blood glucose, arterial hypertension. Purpose of the study: to evaluate individual biochemical parameters in the development of metabolic syndrome.

Materials and methods: The main study group included 76 patients with MS and 41 people without MS, practically healthy volunteers (control group), comparable in age and gender to the main group. Blood plasma was studied: glucose levels were measured using the glucose oxidase method; The lipid profile was assessed (total cholesterol, total cholesterol, TG, NEFA, FL). Insulin was determined by enzyme immunoassay using the DRG test system. All study participants signed an informed consent approved by the ethics committee. Statistical data processing was carried out using application packages ‘STATISTICA 10.0’.

Results: When analyzing the results obtained, an increase in the values of the insulin resistance index - HOMA-IR was revealed. This coefficient has the greatest diagnostic value and has received wide practical application. Calculation of HOMA-IR revealed an almost 2-fold increase in this indicator in patients with MS (P<0.05), which is a predictor of the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The level of NEFA in patients with MS was increased in 95% of cases and was almost 2 times higher than normal values. Also, in patients with MS there was an increase in the levels of insulin and glucose in the blood compared to the control group (P<0.05). In patients with MS, the levels of total cholesterol and FL were normal, falling within the range of threshold values.

Conclusion: Thus, there is no doubt that early diagnosis of MS is important and currently the most effective strategy in preventing the progression of metabolic disorders is lifestyle correction (diet changes, weight loss, regular physical activity) in combination with pharmacotherapy or without drug treatment.