Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Obesity, a multifactorial chronic disease resulting from the interplay of genetic and environmental factors, is associated with numerous complications that can impact both vital and functional prognosis. The aim of our study was to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical characteristics of cardiovascular and metabolic complications related to obesity while identifying associated predictive factors.

Patients and methods: In this retrospective study, 502 obese patients were included, recruited from the Endocrinology Department of Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca. A clinical evaluation including anthropometric parameters and a biological assessment was conducted. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 25.

Results: The average age of our patients was 51.7±3 years, with a clear female predominance (83.5%). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 35.2 kg/m², and the mean waist circumference (WC) was 113.8 cm. Notably, 88.4% of patients had at least one obesity-related complication, with an average of 4.5 complications per patient. Metabolic complications were predominant (88.6%), including 79.3% with diabetes, 66.5% with dyslipidemia, and 7.8% with hyperuricemia. Cardiovascular complications were present in 37.4%, dominated by hypertension (90.5%), followed by coronary insufficiency (7.4%), heart failure (6.2%), and myocardial infarction (5.6%). Age and waist circumference (WC), but not gender and BMI, were identified as predictive factors for metabolic complications. However, cardiovascular complications were significantly correlated with age, BMI, and waist circumference.

Conclusion: Obesity is associated with a range of complications that impact quality of life and pose a threat to vital prognosis. Understanding the predictive factors for these complications allows for anticipation and early intervention, thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with obesity.