Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that accounts for over 90% of diabetes in children and adolescents. It may be associated to other autoimmune diseases, especially thyoiditis, celiac and Addison’s diseases. These associations may represent a challenge for management of this disease for the child and his family. The aim of this study is to describe the different aspects of this association.

Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study including 428 type 1 diabetic patients hospitalized at the Endocrinology Diabetology and Nutrition Department of the university hospital Mohammed VI of Oujda, between 2016 and 2023. All our patients had a complete clinical examination and a biological workup including the autoimmune workup.

Results: The mean age of our patients was 20±10.7 years, ranging from 2 to 78 years, women was predominant (sex ratio 0.8), the mean duration of diabetes was 12±8 years, and the mean glycated hemoglobin was 10.3%. Of all patients, 59 had autoimmune disease (14% of cases), with a higher incidence in women (70% of cases). 8 of these patients had familial autoimmune disease (13% of cases) Autoimmune thyoiditis was present in 63% of cases. 21 patients had hypothyroidism (36% of cases) including 12 patients with positive anti-TPO antibodies, and 16 cases of hyperthyroidism (27% of cases), including 11 with Graves’ disease. Celiac disease was revealed by positive anti-transglutaminase antibodies in 16 patients (27% of cases). Addison’s disease was present in 2 patients (3.3% of cases) same percentage for ovarian insufficiency and psoriasis.

Conclusion: Our results confirm the frequent association of type 1 diabetes with autoimmune diseases, mainly dysthyroidism, as well as celiac disease, this result confirm the importance of screening according to recommendations to ensure optimal and comprehensive management.

References: (1) Bennour, M., Rojbi, I., Rezgani, I., Ben Nacef, I., Mchirgui, N., Khiari, K., & Ben Abdallah, N. (2017). Fréquence des pathologies auto-immunes au cours du diabète type 1. Annales d’Endocrinologie, 78(4), 426 (2) Ach, T., Hasni, Y., Maaroufi, A., Kacem, M., Chaieb, M. C., & Ach, K. (2017). Association de maladies auto-immunes avec le diabète de type 1. Diabetes & Metabolism, 43(2), A79.