ECE2024 Eposter Presentations Thyroid (198 abstracts)
Impact of smoking on thyroid gland functioning: a literature review
Houas Jihene 1 , Heyfa Belhadj-Miled 1 , Monia Ghammam 1 , Malika El Omri 1 , 1 , Abir Meherzi 1 , Mouna Bellakhdhar 1 , Yosra Hasni El Abed 2 , Wassim Kermani 1 & Mohamed Abdelkafi 1
1Farhat Hached Hospital, ENT department, Sousse, Tunisia; 2, Department of endocrinology, Sousse, Tunisia
Introduction: Smoking is a major public health problem with a role as an endocrine disruptor, particularly on the thyroid. The aim of our study is to assess the effects of tobacco on the thyroid.
Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review from 1984 to 2022. The keywords used for the search included "Tobacco, " "Thyroid, " "Goiter, " "Thyroid nodule, " "Hypothyroidism, " "Hyperthyroidism, " "Thyroid cancer, " and "TSH." Evaluation in different studies focused on thyroid function, TSH levels, FT4 levels, thyroglobulins, anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies, goitrogenic effect, impact on Graves’ disease, Graves’ ophthalmopathy, and the effect on thyroid cancer.
Results: Eleven articles were included in this literature review, involving a total of 19, 621 subjects, including 17, 000 smokers. The average age of the patients was 47 years. 43.66% of the subjects were male, and 56.33% were female, with a sex ratio of 0.77. According to the studies reviewed, smoking leads to a decrease in TSH levels, potentially resulting in hyperthyroidism. It has a goitrogenic effect, which can be explained by elevated plasma concentrations of thiocyanates in smokers, with the implicated mechanism being a decrease in iodide uptake. Smoking may also worsen Graves’ ophthalmopathy and appears to reduce the effectiveness of treatments. Tobacco has not been implicated in the genesis of thyroid cancers.
Conclusion: Tobacco has a direct and often detrimental effect on neuroendocrine and thyroid function. It promotes hyperthyroidism, has a goitrogenic effect, and exacerbates Graves’ ophthalmopathy.
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Endocrine Abstracts
ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
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