Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: The prevalence of pre-existing diabetes in pregnant women has increased over the last decade. Studies conducted on women with pre-existing diabetes type 1 (DT1) and type 2 (DT2) show higher rates of complications compared to those observed in the general population.

Objective: Comparing the two types of diabetes during pregnancy to identify whether they should be managed similarly or if a different approach is necessary.

Materials and methods: Case-control study conducted at the Endocrinology-Diabetology Department of Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca, focusing on patients with type 1 diabetes (DT1) with over 10 years of diabetes history and those with type 2 diabetes (DT2) experiencing an ongoing pregnancy.

Results: Eighty-three women with type 1 diabetes (DT1) and 94 patients with type 2 diabetes (DT2) were included in the study. The average age was 34.7 years for DT2 vs 31.7 years for DT1. History of miscarriages was 34% for DT2 vs 20.7% for DT1, and macrosomia occurred in 32% of DT2 vs 17%. The average body mass index (BMI) was 32.7 kg/m² for DT2, higher than 27.6 kg/m² for DT1. Weight gain during pregnancy was 7.2 kg for DT2 vs 5.19 kg for DT1. HbA1c during the organogenesis period was 9.2% for DT2 and 7.7% for DT1. Glycemic control was achieved in 56% of DT2 vs 45.7% of DT1. Obstetric complications were reported in 11.2% for DT2 vs 9.6% for DT1 (p: 0.4).

Conclusion: Our study indicates that the type of diabetes has no impact on the progression of pregnancy and the occurrence of obstetric complications. The early initiation of care and proper planning are crucial factors for the success of these pregnancies.