Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: The present study investigates the efficacy of an autonomous diagnostic system that employs artificial intelligence (AI) for the prediction of malignancy in thyroid nodules. The study focuses on evaluating the performance of this AI-based system in detecting malignant thyroid nodules, with the aim of improving diagnostic accuracy and patient outcomes. AI, with its ability to analyze large amounts of complex data and identify patterns that may be difficult for hum...

Background: Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease caused by autoantibody targeting the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) in the thyroid gland, resulting in hyperthyroidism with an annual incidence of 15 to 80/100,000 people worldwide. Current mainstream treatments for GD include aggressive treatment with radioiodine and thyroidectomy or unspecific immune-modulating therapy with glucocorticoids, antithyroid medications or anti-CD20 antibodies like Rituximab. Therefore, o...

Background: Graves disease with elevated Immunoglobulin G4 serum concentration is a novel subtype of Graves disease (GD), which seems to be particularly associated with Graves orbitopathy (GO). It occurs in 17.6% of patients with GO and 5.4% of patients with GD without GO. In this study, we compare multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of GO with elevated IgG4 serum concentration (IgG4-GO) with the classic GO subtype without IgG4 elevation. No such research has be...

Angioinvasion in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is a crucial determinant of patient prognosis. 3-Nitrotyrosine (3-NT) is a byproduct resulting from the interaction between nitric oxide and tyrosine, serving as a discernible marker indicative of oxidative stress. Within the context of PTC, oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in carcinogenic processes, particularly concerning angioinvasion. Patients with elevated levels of oxidative stress are correlated with an unfavorable cl...

Introduction: Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) such as Graves’ disease (GD) or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) are autoimmune, organ-specific diseases probably related to a complex and multifactorial interplay of specific susceptibility genes and environmental exposures. T lymphocytes and their secretory cytokines play indispensable roles in disrupting tolerance. However, their roles are often complex and full of interactions among distinct components of the thyroid e...

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor originating from parafollicular thyroid C cells that produce calcitonin, accounting for 5%-10% of thyroid cancers. In all inherited cases of MTC, and in about 40% of sporadic cases, activating mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinase proto-oncogene RET are found. Signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, survival and motility are triggered by constitutively active RET, but the mechanisms underlying mali...