Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Lower limb arterial disease (PAAD) is a serious complication of diabetes and is particularly common in patients at high cardiovascular risk. Its management in diabetic patients is a major public health problem, with sometimes tragic consequences for the patient. The objective of our work was to detect PAD in type 2 diabetics.

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 122 type 2 diabetics hospitalized at the National Institute of Nutrition. Systolic pressure index (SPI) was measured using a Spengler pocket Doppler. Obliterative arteriopathy of the lower limbs is defined by a systolic pressure index less than 0.9 or more or less significant arterial incompressibility (mediacalcosis) by an ABI greater than 1.3.

Results: The average age of our patients was 52.4±7.3 years with a sex ratio of 0.96. The duration of diabetes was 11.07±3.3 years. The majority of patients (78.7%) were on insulin therapy. The average HBA1c was 9.8%. The average BMI of our population was 28.18 kg/m². More than a third (35.2%) of our patients were smokers and 39.8% were sedentary. Hyper-LDLemia type dyslipidemia was found in 56.2% of patients. Arterial hypertension was present in 45.1% of patients. Macroangiopathic complications were dominated by ATCD of stroke (5.7%) and MI (4.9%). The ABI was less than 0.9 in 38.5% of cases and greater than 1.3 in 3.3% of cases, of which more than half of the cases (58%) were asymptomatic.

Conclusion: Obliterating arteriopathy of the lower limbs (PAAD) is a frequent and serious complication in diabetic patients. Which underlines the interest of an effective preventive approach and early detection.