Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: The increasing association between metabolic syndrome and type 1 diabetes, along with its impact on micro and macrovascular complications, is becoming more evident. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of different components of metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetic patients and identify any possible correlation with various complications related to type 1 diabetes

Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study involving 638 patients with type 1 diabetes, hospitalized at the endocrinology department of Ibn Rochd University Hospital in Casablanca. All patients underwent a clinical examination, including anthropometric measurements for calculating body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). A metabolic assessment was also conducted. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software, version 25.

Results: The mean age was 25.7 years with a gender ratio (M/F) of 1.1, the mean duration of diabetes was 9.5±2 years. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was identified in 15.8% of patients. Analysis of patients with MS revealed an average age of 31.3 years, ranging from 15 to 60 years, an average BMI of 27.4/m2, and an average WC of 91 cm. Most participants exhibited evident glycemic imbalance, reflected by an average HbA1c level of 12.2%. Arterial hypertension was observed in 61.4% of cases. The mean levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were 1.78 g/l, 0.44 g/l (with hypo-HDLemia in 68.5% of cases), and 1.48 g/l (with hypertriglyceridemia in 33.7% of cases), respectively. Participants with MS were older (31.3 vs 24.9 years, P=0.01) and predominantly female (75.2% vs 41.3%, P=0.001), had longer diabetes duration (15.3 vs 8.6 years, P=0.001), and a higher prevalence of microangiopathy (66.3% vs 23.9%, P=0.001), although no significant difference was observed for macroangiopathy. Therapeutically, patients with MS had a higher average insulin dose (P=0.001), and the use of an insulin sensitizer was necessary in 18.8% of cases

Discussion and Conclusion: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in type 1 diabetes is increasing. Its presence indicates an increased risk of micro and macrovascular complications. This subgroup of type 1 diabetes requires optimal glycemic control and a reduction in other risk factors.