Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is known to cause adverse outcomes in Pregnancy and has shown to have an association with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Aim: To evaluate the relationship between GDM and Vitamin D

Materials and Methods: Retrospective study where we looked into the Vitamin D levels (deficient <25 nmol/l - G1, Insufficient 25-50 nmol/l - G2, Sufficient >50 nmol/l - G3), GTT results, diabetes status and pregnancy outcome of 250 pregnant women of multiple ethnicities who attended the antenatal clinic in between 2018 and 2022.

Results: Mean Vitamin D in G1 was 20.15 ± 3.37 nmol/l, in G2 was 38.39 ± 7.26 nmol/l and in G3 was 64.13 ±10.27 nmol/l. The mean fasting sugar in severely Vitamin D deficient group (G1) was 5.73±1.24 mmol, in insufficient group (G2) was 5.13 ± 0.82 mmol and in Vitamin D sufficient group (G3) was 5.00 ± 0.70 mmol, P=0.003, G1 vs G2 +G3. P=0.005, G1 vs G2. Caucasian group had a mean Vitamin D of 45.15 ±16.75 nmol/l, GTT 0 min –5.05 ± 0.82 mmol, GTT 2 h –7.03 ± 2.20 mmol; meanwhile South Asian (SA) group had mean Vit D of 41.17±18.03 nmol/l, GTT 0 min – 5.28 ± 0.92 mmol, GTT 2 h – 8.11 ± 2.17 mmol. P Values (GTT 0 min) 0.05;(GTT 2 h) 0.0007, Caucasians vs SA. Mean BMI was 31.24 ± 7.25 and baby birth weight 3308.58 ± 484.37 g in the Caucasian group and mean BMI 28.64 ± 5.08 and baby birth weight 3058 ± 604.23 g in the Asian group. P=0.01 for BMI Caucasian Vs Asian. P=0.004 for baby birth weight Caucasian Vs Asian.

Conclusion: Pregnant women with low Vitamin D were found to have elevated fasting sugars irrespective of the ethnicity and South Asians are more prone to have GDM when compared with the Caucasians. Caucasians had higher BMI and bigger babies.