ETA2023 Poster Presentations Pregnancy (9 abstracts)
Iodine nutrition in italian pregnant women: preliminary results of a multicenter study
Simona De Angelis 1 , Daniela Rotondi 2 , Marcello Bagnasco 3 , Francesco Boi 4 , Daniela Bonofiglio 5 , Stefano Mariotti 6 , Caterina Mian 7 , Mariacarla Moleti 8 , Maria laura Tanda 9 , Massimo Tonacchera 10 , Francesco Vermiglio 11 , Salvatore Ulisse 12 , Emanuela Medda 13 , Angela Sorbo 13 , Marilena D’Amato 13 , Anna Chiara Turco 13 , Eleonora Ferrarini 10 , Giuseppina De Marco 10 , Giampiero Russo 14 , Michele Morelli 15 , Stefania Sanna 4 , Margherita Corongiu 3 , Laura Musso 3 , Laura Giovanna Perdichizzi 8 & Antonella Olivieri 16
1Italian National Institute OF Health, Cardiovascular AND Endorine-Metabolic Diseases AND Ageing, Roma, Italy; 2Italian National Institute of Health, Italy; 3University of Genoa, Italy; 4University of Cagliari, Italy; 5University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy; 6Department of Med Sci and Public Health, Complesso Univ Monserrato, Monserrato -Cagliari, Italy; 7Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (Dimed), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Department of Medicine, Padova, Italy; 8University of Messina, Italy; 9University of Insubria, Aou Sette Laghi -Endocrinologia, Via, Varese, Italy; 10University of Pisa, Italy; 11Ordinario DI Endocrinologia, Aou Policlinico Gaetano Martino, Messina, Italy; 12University La Sapienza, Rome, Italy; 13Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; 14Asp, Cosenza, Italy; 15Annunziata Hospital Cosenza, Italy; 16Istituto Superiore DI Sanità, Italian National Institute of Health, Deapartment of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases an Aging, Roma, Italy
Background and objectives: Recent data on median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in schoolchildren showed that Italy has achieved iodine sufficiency. Nevertheless, no national data on iodine nutrition in pregnancy are available. Therefore, a multicentre study coordinated by the Italian National Observatory for Monitoring Iodine Prophylaxis (OSNAMI), was launched in 8 Italian regions representative of the Northern (Lombardy, Veneto, Liguria), Central (Tuscany, Lazio) and Southern Italy and Islands (Sicily, Calabria, Sardinia). The aim of the study was to evaluate iodine nutrition in pregnant women (n =500/region) and thyroid function in offspring. Here we present preliminary results on the use of iodized salt (IS) and/or iodine-containing supplements (ICS) during pregnancy, and UIC levels in the first 1,464 pregnant women recruited in the period 2022-2023.
Subjects and Methods: Pregnant women were recruited at the last visit before delivery (n =735 Northern, n =101 Central, n =628 Southern Italy-Islands). Women with thyroid diseases were excluded from the study. A questionnaire was administered to collect information on the use of IS and/or ICS. A morning spot urinary samples was also collected for the measurement of UIC. Collection of data on neonatal TSH in the offspring is ongoing and therefore not analysed yet.
Results: We found that 71.3% of the recruited women used IS (77.7% Northern, 64.3% Central, 65% Southern Italy-Islands). Among the IS users, 89% were using IS since at least 2 years. Specifically, 25.0% of the recruited women used IS-only, 46.3% IS+ICS, 17.3% ICS-only, and 11.4% NO-IS/NO-ICS. Noteworthy, 13/1464 (0.9%) women were using IS+2 ICS with a consequent high daily iodine intake (range: 445-575 µg/day). Overall, a median UIC of 99 μg/l (IQR, 59-168) was found (110.4 μg/l Northern, 100.2 μg/l Central, 84 μg/l Southern Italy-Islands). As expected, the median UIC was significantly higher in women taking iodine during pregnancy (IS users and ICS users) than in NO-IS/NO-ICS women (101 μg/l vs 76 μg/l, P < 0.001).
Conclusions: These preliminary data show that in Italy iodine nutrition is still insufficient during pregnancy and that a North-South gradient is present. Furthermore, in the face of a non-negligible percentage of women who do not use IS or ICS during pregnancy, there is a certain number of women who take more iodine than recommended (250 µg/day). Although preliminary, these results confirm the importance of monitoring iodine nutrition in a phase of life during which an adequate iodine intake is extremely important for foetus growth and brain development.
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Endocrine Abstracts
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