Endocrine Abstracts

Thyroid hormones (TH) are responsible for maintaining metabolism. Its concentrations are fundamental during pregnancy and the first days of life, and its imbalance can generate early and late repercussions for the newborn.

Objectives: This study evaluates the relationship between maternal thyroid disease history impact on newborns and infants admitted to the semi-intensive care unit.

Materials and methods: Data were collected from a historical cohort of 1,400 newborns and infants admitted from January 2018 to December 2020. Malformed newborns, those with genetic syndromes and incomplete medical records were excluded. Information such as gestational age according to the Capurro index, Apgar score in the first and fifth minutes of life, sex, type of delivery, length of hospital stay, maternal Diabetes Mellitus and pregnancy hypertension were recorded. Instead, hypoglycemia, neonatal jaundice, respiratory distress, neonatal anoxia, infectious risk, and meconium aspiration were considered as outcomes. The data were analyzed by Chi-square (X2), relative risk (RR), ROC curve, and logistic regression.

Results: After exclusion, 1260 patients remain. We identified maternal hypothyroidism history associated with a lower weight (P-value < 0.003, RR: 4.3 - CI: 1.6 to 11.3) and lower Capurro (P-value < 0.005, RR: 3.5 - CI: 1.5 to 8.4). Hypoglycemia was the only outcome associated with maternal hypothyroidism (P-value < 0.001, RR: 4.9 - CI: 2.2 to 11.1). A multivariate analysis also identified it as an independent risk factor (P-value: 0.001, RR: 4.3 – CI: 1.8 to 10.5). Maternal Diabetes and hypertension were also independent predictors with a risk of 3.5 (P < 0.001, CI: 1.9 to 6.4) and 2.0 (P = 0.010, CI: 1.2 to 3.4), respectively.

Conclusions: The knowledge of the maternal thyroid history helps to predict repercussions for the newborn. We associated that history with a lower weight, lower gestational age (Capurro) and hypoglycemia outcome. In addition, maternal hypothyroidism, diabetes and hypertension were also independent risk factors for newborn hypoglycemia.