Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Although calcifications are a relatively common finding on a thyroid ultrasound, present in both benign and malign lesions, osseous metaplasia (OM) is a peculiar discovery, with only a few described cases in literature so far. Common pathophysiological explanations include abnormalities of bone morphogenetic protein family members and basic fibroblast growth factor. Most of the case reports are presenting OM in association with malign lesions, often with papillar...

A Rare Case of Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome Type 2 Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) are a group of immune-endocrine syndromes that cause autoimmune destruction of multiple endocrine organs. The most common in this group is APS type 2, which frequently presents with primary adrenal insufficiency with autoimmune thyroid disease and/ or type 1 diabetes mellitus. We present a case of 46 year old male, with no significant medical history who presented in our clinic wit...

Introduction: The occurrence or worsening of thyroid eye disease (TED) after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines is extremely rare whereas has not been reported following viral vector vaccination. In the region of South-West Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic, a case of de novo appearance of TED referred to the Endocrinology Department of our hospital, following viral vector SARS-COV-2 vaccine.Case report: The patient was a 62-year-old woman, heavy smoker (40 pack...

Introduction: Graves Disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease, in which CD4+ Th2 cells secrete interleucin-4 (IL-4) and IL-5 and activate antibody production. IL-4 has been considered a therapeutic target for treatment of immune-related diseases, by enhancing and redirecting T and B cell function. Dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody, inhibits IL-4 and IL-13 and is currently used for treatment of atopic dermatitis, nasal polyposis and asthma. There is a single case report of painless...

A Rare Case of Euthyroid Grave’s Ophthalmopathy with Negative TRAbs titersIntroduction: Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO; also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy or thyroid eye disease) is clinically evident in 25–50% of patients with Grave’s disease. While the majority of patients experience only mild ocular symptoms, 3–5% of patients with GO suffer from severe disease (2). The spectrum of eye manifestations ranges from lid la...

Graves’ disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease that can affect other tissues in addition to the thyroid gland. Depending on the intensity of the immune response, in addition to hyperthyroidism, orbitopathy, dermatopathy and acropachy can also occur. Extrathyroidal manifestations of GD are most often the result of a more pronounced immune response. Thyroid dermatopathy (TD) is a rare extrathyroidal manifestation of GD, almost always associated with Graves’ orbitopathy ...

The risk of thyroid dysfunction induced by Interferon (IFN)-β1b therapy, in particular in patients having preexisting thyroid autoimmune disorders (AITD), is well known. We report a case of a 60-year-old female, with a 15-year history of euthyroid autoimmune thyroiditis and a 3-year history of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), in care for the evaluation of hyperthyroidism. The patient started a specific immunomodulant IFN-β1a therapy (30 μg/week) twenty months before the...

Introduction: Resistance to thyroid hormone beta is a genetic disease defined by impaired sensitivity of target tissue to thyroid hormone caused by mutation of thyroid hormone receptor beta gene, appearing with an incidence of 1/40,000. The characteristic biochemical profile of resistance to thyroid hormone is elevated serum thyroid hormone level and inappropriate serum level of thyrotropin (TSH) which is normal or elevated. Clinical picture is variable ranging from asymptomat...

Introduction: Hashimoto thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland leading to chronic inflammation and gradual decline of the thyroid gland function eventually requiring hormone replacement. Patients present with classic symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism. The term pseudohypoparathryoidism (PHP) refers to a group of rare genetic and epigenetic disorders characterized by resistance to the action of parathyroid hormone (PTH) that activates cAMP signaling...