Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Maternal thyroid function is put under stress during pregnancy. Thyroid disorder is very common among expectant mothers. 10% of pregnancies have subclinical hypothyroidism. Anemia, low birth weight, and neonatal mental retardation are among side effects of hypothyroidism during pregnancy.

Objective: The primary and main objective is to evaluate the results for pregnant women with abnormal thyroid profiles, both for the mother and the fetus. This study is important because it provides evidence of the link between hypothyroidism and harmful consequences on both mother and fetus.

Method: At Patna Medical College, this retrospective observational study was conducted. Informed consent was obtained from the 190 prenatal women participating in this study, who were in their third trimester and had singletons. Regardless of their age, parity, place of residence, or social level, women were chosen. All pre-existing medical conditions, multiple pregnancies, thyroid disorders known to exist, and multiple pregnancies were prohibited. Routine hematological parameters and T3, T4, and TSH estimates were done. Patients with abnormal thyroid profiles were then evaluated for issues that could affect the mother or the fetus. The primary study variables included menstruation pattern, recurrent abortion, history of infertility, family history of thyroid disease, hemoglobin level, and fetal outcome. SPSS software was used to analyze the data for statistical correlation.

Results: Subclinical hypothyroidism, overt hypothyroidism, and subclinical hyperthyroidism occur in 5.5, 3.4, and 1.4% of individuals, respectively, according to the prevalence of thyroid disorders, which is 10%. Anemia was seen in 26.2% of women with subclinical and overt hypothyroidism, and it was substantially correlated with hypothyroidism (P=0.007). In terms of foetal outcome, hypothyroidism was statistically linked with LBW 31.5% (P=0.002), NICU admission 42.0% (P=0.001), and low APGAR Score (21.0%, P=0.041). Mothers with hypothyroidism had a 4.6, 6.2, 0.13, and 3.63 times higher risk of anemia, low birth weight, NICU hospitalizations, and a low APGAR score than women who are euthyroid.

Conclusions: In the third trimester of pregnancy, subclinical hypothyroidism is present in 5.5% of women. Significant correlations exist between hypothyroidism and anaemia, pre-eclampsia, high caesarean rates, and infant morbidities.