Endocrine Abstracts

Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).

Methods: Observational transversal clinical study in patients with DM1/LADA. Nutritional assessment was performed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), dynamometry, ultrasound of rectus femoris muscle and subcutaneous fat tissue, functional tests and laboratory parameters. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS v.25.

Results: In our cohort, thirty-nine males were included. Mean age: 51.5±13.3 years, with a mean DM evolution time of 22.2±14.7 years. The prevalence of microvascular or macrovascular complications were 66.7%. 30.8% and 61.5% of the patients had high and very high cardiovascular risk, respectively. Mean BMI: 26.8±3.9 kg/m2. 66.7% of patients were overweight or obese. According to the GLIM criteria, 3 patients, aged over than 60 years and with other comorbidities, were classified as malnourished. Mean value of body cell mass (BCMe) measured by bioelectrical impedance was 40.5±5.3%. 35.1% of patients presented decreased standardized phase angle (SPA) (Mean 5.8±1.35°). Mean lean mass: 72.8±12.5%. Mean fat mass: 21.5±7.4%. Mean calf circumference: 37.5±3.8 cm. 12.8% had decreased hand dynamometry values (according to references values by aged groups) and the mean of the Up and Go test was 8.9±2.2 seconds. In our cohort, there were not altered serum nutritional parameters. Mean value of adipose tissue thickness in rectus femoris (measured by ultrasound) was 0.8±0.3 cm, with a median circumference of 9.5±1.5 cm and an area of 7.1 cm². Abdominal adipose tissue ultrasound revealed a total thickness of 2.5±0.9 cm, the median values were: superficial adipose tissue 0.69±0.31 cm, deep adipose tissue 0.86±0.40 cm and preperitoneal adipose tissue 0.89±0.69 cm.

Conclusion: The role of morphofunctional assessment of nutritional status in the follow-up of patients with DM1/LADA is not fully established. It is necessary to continue the study of the application in daily clinical practice of emerging techniques such us nutritional ultrasound in these patients.