Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is frequently associated with other autoimmune diseases The Aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of autoimmune diseases (AID) that may be associated with type 1 diabetes and to study the particularities of this association.

Patients and Methods: this was a retrospective study including 251 patients with type 1 diabetes followed in the diabetology, endocrinology department of the IBN Rochd hospital center in Casablanca. Clinical and paraclinical data were recorded for all patients.

Results: The study population was composed of 116 women (46.2%) and 135 men (53.8%). The average age was 25.2 years and the average duration of diabetes was 10.82 years. Autoimmune diseases were found in 32 patients or 12.74%: 21 women and 11 men. Autoimmune dysthyroidism topped the list with 8 cases of Graves’ disease and 6 cases of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, followed by 6 cases of Addison’s disease, 5 cases of psoriasis, 4 cases of celiac disease and 3 cases of vitiligo. Patients with associated AID were older (29.4 vs 24.6 years; P=0.005) and had longer diabetes duration (12.55 years vs 9.57 years, P= 0.001) and a higher prevalence of microangiopathy (41.9% vs 22.27%) (P=0.005). The prevalence of macroangiopathic complications was comparable between patients with and without AID (P=0.2). On the other hand, the cardiovascular risk was significantly higher in patients with other autoimmune diseases (P=0.001).

Conclusion: The coexistence of autoimmune diseases in patients with type 1 diabetes is not uncommon. According to our results, this association is characterized by an increase in microangiopathic complications and cardiovascular risk, which further encourages them to be detected and treated at the discovery of diabetes.