ECE2023 Eposter Presentations Diabetes, Obesity, Metabolism and Nutrition (355 abstracts)
The Mediterranean Diet: Effects on insulin resistance and secretion in subjects with obesity
Annamaria Docimo 1 , Ludovica Verde 1 , Claudia Vetrani 1 , Luigi Barrea 2 , Annamaria Colao 1,3 & Giovanna Muscogiuri 1,3
1University of Naples Federico II, Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology, Naples, Italy; 2Pegaso Telematic University, Human Sciences, Naples, Italy; 3University of Naples Federico II, UNESCO Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Naples, Italy
Introduction: A higher adherence (HA) to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) is associated to a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However it is less clear if this is caused by a “food cluster” (FC) or a single MD food effect on the insulin-resistance (IR) and/or on the insulin-secretion (IS).
Aim: This study investigated the association between MD adherence, IR and IS, indirectly measured, in subjects affected by obesity without diabetes (SNDO). The secondary aim was to determine if the FC or a single MD food is linked to IR and/or IS.
Methods: Participants underwent to an OGTT and an evaluation of IR (HOMA-IR and ISI) and IS (HOMA-β, OGIS e β-cell function). MD adherence was determinated through the PREDIMED questionnaire (0-5, 6-9, ≥10 for low (LA), intermediate (IA) and HA, respectively).
Results: Sixty-two SNDO were enrolled (9M/53F, 43.7±12 years, BMI 36±6.1 kg/m2). The 18% of the SNDO had Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) whilst the 13% had Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT). Despite there were no significant differences in terms of BMI, SNDO with HA showed significantly lower values of HOMA-IR (P<0.05) compared to an IA and higher values of ISI (P<0.05) compared to a LA. MD adherence was inversely correlated to HOMA-IR (r:-0.400; P:0.004) and directly correlated with ISI (r:0.296, P:0.039). Among the MD food, fish was directly related with ISI (r:0.394, P:0.005) and inversely related with HOMA-IR (e r:-0.327, P:0.019) (Table 1).
| Parameters | Low adherence | Intermediate adherence | High adherence |
| (PREDIMED: 0-5) | (PREDIMED: 6-9) | (PREDIMED: ≥10) | |
| (n=12) | (n=36) | (n=14) | |
| Gender (M/F) | 4/8 | 3/33 | 2/12 |
| Age (Years) | 41±14 | 45±12 | 45±11 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 39±7 | 36±6 | 35±6 |
| WC (cm) | 120±27 | 113±14 | 107±13 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.1±1.1 | 5.0±2.9 | 2.3±0.9‡ |
| HOMA-β | 18±5.5 | 20±5.9 | 10±4.1 |
| OGIS (ml × min-1× m-2) | 395±62 | 406±72 | 440±52 |
| ISI ((mg/dl)2/(μU/ml)2)-1/2) | 2.7±0.9 | 3.0±2.0 | 4.5±2.6* |
| β-cell function (mg/µU) | 0.5±0.2 | 0.6±0.5 | 0.8±0.3 |
| The data are presented in terms of an average and SD.*P<0.05 vs LA, one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons adjustment (Least Significant Difference, LSD).‡ P<0.05 vs IA, one-way ANOVA with multiple comparisons adjustment (LSD). | |||
Conclusions: A HA to the MD, and in particular the consumption of fish, is associated to a lower IR in SNDO and this was probably mediated by high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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