Endocrine Abstracts

Purpose: To study the frequency of polymorphic alleles and genotypes of the PPARG (rs 1801282) gene and its effect on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with prediabetes.

Materials and methods: The object of the study were 60 patients (32% men, 68% women) with early disorders of carbohydrate metabolism (WHO criteria, 2009). The mean age was 44.3 ± 7.8 years. The average value of fasting glycemia - 5.7±0.42 mmol/l, the average level of glycated hemoglobin was 5.96±0.36%. The average value of BMI is 31.6±5.4 kg/m2. The control group consisted of 30 practically healthy people. Indices calculated: HOMA-IR, QUICKI, HOMA1-β. Investigated blood parameters (lipid spectrum, indicators of carbohydrate metabolism). The quantitative determination of C-peptide, insulin, ghrelin, leptin in plasma was assessed by flow fluorometry on laser automated analyzer Bio-PlexProHuman Diabetes 10-Plex test system, Bio -Rad, USA). Genotyping for polymorphic markers of the PPARG gene (rs 1801282) was performed using PCR with allele-specific primers from Synthol. Amplification was carried out using a programmable thermal cycler Q5 (Bio-Rad). Statistical data processing was carried out using SPSS Statistics 26.0 software. To compare the frequencies of alleles and genotypes by a qualitative binary trait, the χ² test was used. To assess the associations of polymorphic gene variants with different phenotypes, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval. Statistically significant differences were considered at P< 0.05.

Results: Аnalyzing the distribution of frequencies of alleles and genotypes of the polymorphic marker of the PPARG gene (rs 1801282), no statistical significance was found in the group of patients with prediabetes and in the control group. Comparative analysis showed that homozygotes for the C allele significantly differed from the carriers of the minor allele G in higher levels of WC (P< 0.001), glycated hemoglobin (P< 0.001), glycemia 2 hours after glucose loading (P< 0.05), C-peptide (P< 0.001). Also, homozygous carriers for the major allele C were associated with the level of HbA1C≥5.7% (P< 0.001) and the level of systolic blood pressure above the target level (P< 0.001). There were no significant differences in HOMA-IR, HOMA1-β parameters, which is probably due to the small sample size included in the analysis.

Conclusions: Analysis of the polymorphic marker of the PPARG gene (rs 1801282) demonstrated the association of the major allele C with higher rates of carbohydrate metabolism and B-cell secretory activity, as well as cardiovascular risk factors, which makes it possible to use this parameter as a predictor of the development of early carbohydrate disorders.