SFEBES2022 Poster Presentations Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes (96 abstracts)
Vernonia amygdalina Alleviates Neurodegenerative Effects of High Fat Diet and Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Hippocampi of Adult Male Wistar Rats
John Afees Olanrewaju 1 , Ifeoluwa Olufunmilola Ekundayo 1 , Kehinde Oluwaseyi Adeniji 1,2 , Joseph Igbo Enya 3 , Leviticus Arietarhire 4 , Oladimeji Soremekun 1 , Olubunmi Ogunbiyi 1 , Richard Bamidele 5 , Stephen Taiye Adelodun 1 , Sunday Yinka Olatunji 1,6 , Toluwanimi Afolabi 5 , Ayodeji Zabdiel Abijo 1 & Joshua Owolabi 1,7
1Department of Anatomy, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria; 2Department of Anatomy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; 3Department of Anatomy, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port-Harcout, Nigeria; 4Department of Anatomy, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; 5Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria; 6Department of Anatomy, Adventist School of Medicine of East Central Africa, Kigali, Rwanda; 7University of Global Health Equity, Butaro, Rwanda
Cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration are a few hallmarks of brain insulin resistance, a core feature of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Using a Wistar rat model of a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced T2DM, we aimed to determine the potential of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) as a possible treatment for the accompanied neurodegenerative effects of this condition on hippocampal structure and function. T2DM adult rats were prepared by a combination of a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg streptozocin. The elevated plus and Barnes maze tests were used to evaluate anxiety, learning, and memory functions, followed by H&E and cresyl violet staining, immunohistochemical staining for hippocampal amyloid beta, synaptophysin, and glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP), and RNA analysis of P53, P21, glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX-1) genes expression levels. T2DM model animals had significantly reduced open arm entries and duration and higher escape latencies, depicting increased anxiety and decreased spatial memory and learning abilities(P<0.05). Expression changes were evident for P53, GSH, P21, and GPX-1 genes, which included an increased expression of P53 and P21 in the hippocampus of T2DM model animals and a slight reduction of these genes in VA groups, and an increased expression of GSH in T2DM and VA groups. Also, photomicrographs revealed a fragmented pyramidal cell layer with visible pyknotic cells and a gross reduction in cytoplasmic Nissl proteins across the Cornus Ammonis and dentate gyrus regions of the hippocampi. Similarly, increased expression of amyloid-beta, synaptophysin, and GFAP was seen in these regions. However, V. amygdalina was able to enhance the learning and memory abilities of T2DM rats, replenish hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and help improve hippocampal synapses, while improving the brain’s antioxidant defense system. These findings may provide helpful insights into the treatment of T2DM-induced brain insulin resistance.
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Endocrine Abstracts
ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
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