ETA2022 Poster Presentations Pregnancy & Iodine (9 abstracts)
Iodine status during pregnancy in the veneto region: impact on maternal and newborn thyroid function and analysis of the nutritional and socio-economic determinants
Simona Censi 1 , Alberto Mondin 1 , Giulia Messina 1 , Mariachiara Pedron 1 , Jacopo Manso 2 , Diego Faggian 3 , Daniela Basso 4 , Loris Bertazza 5 , Susi Barollo 5 , Loris Marin 6 , Marta Camilot 7 , Alessandra Andrisani 6 & Caterina Mian 8
1Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (Dimed), University of Padua, Padua, Italy; 2Endocrinology Unit, Padua University, Padua, Italy; 3Department of Medicine-Laboratory Unit, University of Padova, Italy; 4: Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Padua, 351, Padua, Italy; 5Dept. Medicine (Dimed), University of Padova, Department of Medicine (Dimed), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (Dimed), University of Padua, Padua, Italy, Padova, Italy; 6Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padua, Salus Pueri, Padua, Italy; 7Department of Pediatrics, Regional Centre for Newborn Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment of Inherited Metabolic Diseases and Congenital Endocrine Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy; 8Operative Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine (Dimed), Endocrinology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Dept. of Medicine, Padova, Italy
Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the iodine nutritional status in pregnant women residing in Veneto region and its associations with diet, iodine supplements and social status (nationality and education).
Methods: 292 consecutive pregnant women at the third trimester of pregnancy were enrolled (≥18 years old, and resident in Veneto). Exclusion criteria were a personal history of thyroid disease and the refusal of the informed consent. Every woman provided an early-morning spot urine sample (to assess iodine to creatinine concentration ratio, UI/Creat) and a blood sample (to measure TSH, FT4, FT3 and Thyroglobulin (Tg)) and were administered a questionnaire regarding diet habits, and the use of iodine supplements. The new-borns’ TSH levels were obtained from the congenital hypothyroidism screening program, together with their data at birth.
Results: Use of iodized salt was spread to 72.5% of women. Median UI/Creat was 112.37 μg/g (IQR: 60.95-185.93 μg/g). Only 36.9% of women had a UI/Creat ≥150 μg/g and the frequency was higher among Italian than foreign women (P = 0.01). UI/Creat was higher among higher educated women (P = 0.01). The frequency of women with a UI/Creat (≥150 μg/g) was higher among regular cow’s milk consumers (P = 0.046) and among iodine supplement users (P = 0.0001) than among their counterparts, but no association was found with iodized salt use. Only the combined use or the iodine supplement plus cow’s milk guaranteed an adequate iodine intake (UI/Creat ≥150 μg/g) (P < 0.01). At the multivariate analysis, only regular cow’s milk and iodine supplement were independent predictors of an adequate iodine status. There was no association between maternal thyroid function and UI/Creat levels. Median Tg values were lower among the iodine-sufficient group than among iodine-deficient women 8.20 μg/l and 11.61 μg/l, respectively (P = 0.019). The weight at birth was lower in the offspring of women with UI/Creat <50 μg/g and ≥250 μg/g than in the iodine-adequate or mildly deficient group (P = 0.02). The TSH at screening was higher among the offspring of women receiving an iodine supplement than among non-users (P = 0.04), but both in the normal range.
Conclusions: The iodine prophylaxis program should be implemented to reach a better iodized salt coverage and education among childbearing-aged women, especially the foreign and lower educated. In the meanwhile, both the iodine supplement and cow’s milk seem to be pivotal. Neonatal TSH levels resulted higher among the offspring of the women that took the iodine supplement than among non-users, suggesting a particular sensitivity to iodine in the fetal thyroid.
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Endocrine Abstracts
ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
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