Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Overt hypothyroidisms warrants L-T4 treatment, but treatment in subclinical hypothyroidism (ScH), especially in mild form of ScH (TSH between 4,2-10mU/l and normal free thyroxine) is unknown.Objectives: To compare the presence of risk factors for atherosclerosis in patients with mild form of ScH to euthyroid subjects.Methods: Prospectively 67 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed ScH, and 30 healthy subjects were re...

Background: A possible association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 pandemic and subacute thyroiditis (SAT) has been reported.Objectives: To evaluate SAT clinical characteristics, correlating them to virus exposure and/or vaccine and to evaluate thyroid function according to the length of time after symptoms onset.Methods: We performed a prospective, observational, multi-centre study, considering t...

Introduction: Despite normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) serum levels, 10% of hypothyroid patients treated with LT4 complain of hypothyroidism symptoms, likely linked to decreased availability of free triiodothyronine (fT3). Thus, combined levothyroxine/liothyronine (LT4/lT3) therapy was suggested to ensure a more physiological balance in peripheral tissues.Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of combined LT4/lT3 therapy in thyroidectomized subjects,...

Background: Most thyroid nodules are benign, but they can also be associated with thyroid cancer. To be sure how to proceed with an ultrasound suspicious nodule (EU-TIRADS), it is recommended to perform a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and classify the nodule in the BETHESDA system.Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether we perform an excessive number of FNA according to the EU-TIRADS classification in order to reduce the number...

Background and Objective: Smoking increases the risk of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) in patients with Graves’ disease (GD). Therefore, smoking cessation should be recommended to all patients with GD. This study aimed to investigate whether smoking cessation recommendations were taken into account in patients with GD and whether there was a difference in terms of smoking cessation between those with and without GO.Methods: Smoking status of the case...

Background: The Covid 19 pandemic has significantly changed people’s lives. For patients with chronic diseases, social isolation and distancing have become a provocative factor in metabolic control disorders of varying degrees. Patients avoided hospital visits as much as possible due to fear of infection. Also for the representatives of the medical field, the pandemic has become the basis for new ways of consulting patients (remote, teleconsultation). The aim of the study...

Background: Graves’ Orbitopathy (GO) is the most common extra thyroidal feature of autoimmune thyroid disease presentation. It is characterized by development of orbital inflammation that involves both, adipose tissue and extra-ocular muscles. The condition is associated with increased psychological burden and in severe cases may lead to optic nerve damage, causing blindness. While most patients with GO present with bilateral disease, asymmetric or unilateral GO may affec...

Background: Calcitonin (CT) is a specific marker of Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (MTC). However, its routine measurement in the assessment of nodular thyroid disease (NTD) remains controversial because MTC is rare and CT may have false positive results.Objective: To evaluate the frequency of hypercalcitoninemia (hyperCT) among patients with benign NTD and to disclose possible underlying factors.Methods: Retrospective study including...

Background: Amiodarone is a commonly used antiarrhythmic drug, but because of its abundance with iodine and a direct toxic effect on the thyroid, it can have side effects like hypo- and hyperthyroidism. There are two types of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT). We present a case which demonstrates the importance of timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis in patients with serious cardiac comorbidities.Case Pres...

Background: Graves’ disease exacerbations during pregnancy usually occur in the first trimester with very rare cases of disease manifestation or relapse in second/third trimester. Up to five percent of neonates that are born to women with diffuse toxic goiter develop symptoms of hyperthyroidism because of transplacental transfer of TSH-receptor autoantibodies.Case presentation: Female, born in year 1990, with a history of symptomatic autoimmune hype...

Background: Selenium (Se) is a crucial micronutrient for thyroid gland homeostasis. Acting through iodothyronine deiodinases, it regulates thyroid hormones synthesis and by glutathione peroxidases removes harmful free radicals. The Se role in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis is currently under investigation. Se supplementation decreases antithyroid antibodies during pregnancy, may prevent from postpartum thyroiditis and is approved for treatment of mild Graves’ opht...

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a congenital heart malformation that has been identified as an abnormal communication between the ventricles. The defect can be found at any part of the septum. A large VSD allows unimpeded left-right shunt with subsequent development of pulmonary hypertension and shunt reversal. The shunt reversal leads to development of Eisenmenger syndrome. We present the case of 40-year-old female with ventricular septal defect with Eis...