Endocrine Abstracts

Background

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been increasing all over the world. Various risk factors have been identified for the generation of type 2 diabetes include; ageing, family history of diabetes, general obesity, central obesity, physical inactivity, and sedentary lifestyle. Obesity, particularly central obesity is associated with insulin resistance (IR), ’beta-cell’ dysfunction, partly through increased free fatty acids (FFAs) and lipotoxicity. Approximately 1 billion individuals worldwide, nearly 15% of the world’s population, are vitamin D deficient or insufficient (less than 20 ng/ml or between 20 and 30 ng/ml, respectively). Vitamin D deficiency become a very common among all age groups worldwide and the highly prevalent in obese people.

Material and methods

The study was conducted in 90 control and 90 type 2 subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of both genders aged 30–50 years. We obtained ethics approval from Institutional Ethics Committee, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, India before blood sample collection. The data regarding BMI, among control and T2DM subjects were collected. We have used WHO cut-offs to define overweight and obesity, whereas IDF cut-offs to define central obesity using different indicators such as WC and WHR. ’American Diabetes Association (ADA)’ cut-offs were used for categorizing dyslipidemia Serum 25(OH)D, fasting plasma insulin (FPI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, and lipid profile were measured by standard methods.

Results

In the control group, an almost equal percentage of subjects had normal BMI (41.11%) or were overweight (42.22%), while in the T2DM group majority of subjects were overweight (48.89%). Data indicated that T2DM subjects had significantly higher BMI, WC, HC, WHtR, blood pressure, TG, and VLDL-c than controls. The proportion of waist circumference WC>90cm was seen significantly higher among T2DM male subjects than control male subjects, while there was no significant difference for the proportion of WC>80 cm in female subjects. Also, among the study groups, there was no significant difference observed in the proportions of waist hip ratio WHR>0.88 in male and WHR≥0.80 in female subjects. Among lipid profile parameters there was a significant difference observed in the proportions for TG and HDL (in females) among control and T2DM groups. ’Spearman’s rank-order correlation’ was utilized to evaluate the correlation of ’25(OH)D’ with anthropometric and biochemical variables among control, T2DM, and total study subjects.

Conclusion and significance

Vitamin D could be associated with obesity and insulin resistance.

Key words

Vitamin D deficiency, Insulin resistance, Obesity, Middle-aged, Type 2 Diabetes