Kisspeptin as a biomarker for pregnancy complications

Maria Phylactou; Ali Abbara; Eng Pei Chia; Maya Al-Memar; Alexander Comninos; Rans Nadir; Chioma Izzi-Engbeaya; Sophie Clarke; Edouard Mills; Mark Sykes; Ewa Pacuszka; Lisa Yang; Hanine Fourie; Paul Bech; Tom Kelsey; Tom Bourne; Waljit Dhillo

doi:10.1530/endoabs.70.OC9.2

Background: Placentation (invasion of the placenta into the maternal endometrium of pregnancy known as the decidua) is hypothesised to be critical for healthy placental function and is abnormal in two thirds of miscarriage. Kisspeptin has emerged as a putative regulator of physiological placentation; it is highly expressed in placental syncitio-trophoblasts, whereas its receptor is expressed in both syncitio- and cyto-trophoblasts, such that kisspeptin is hypothesized to play an important paracrine role to regulate placentation. Circulating kisspeptin levels are considerably raised during healthy pregnancy and are reduced in women with miscarriage.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the utility of circulating kisspeptin levels in the assessment of pregnancy complications and determine whether kisspeptin provides additional diagnostic information compared to beta human chorionic gonadotropin (βhCG) alone.

Methods: This study was performed in collaboration with the Early Pregnancy Outcome Study (EPOS), which aims to identify novel pregnancy biomarkers. Women were invited to attend every fortnight for blood-sampling, clinical and ultrasound assessment during the first trimester, and repeated during the second and third trimesters. Asymptomatic women with healthy pregnancy (n = 265) provided 960 blood-samples. Women with pregnancy complications including miscarriage (n = 95), pre-eclampsia (PET; n = 24), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH; n = 14), gestational diabetes (GDM; n = 41), preterm birth (PTB; n = 14) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR; n = 24) provided 569 blood-samples.

Results: Gestation-adjusted circulating kisspeptin and βhCG levels were lower, by 66% and 57%, respectively, in women with miscarriage compared to healthy pregnant controls (P < 0.0001). Area under ROC curve for diagnosis of miscarriage was greater for the combination of both kisspeptin and βhCG together (0.92) than for either measure alone (βhCG 0.859, kisspeptin 0.874). An adjusted logistic regression model revealed that every 100 pmol/l increase in plasma kisspeptin levels reduced the odds of miscarriage by 42%. Gestation-adjusted kisspeptin levels were lower in women with GDM (P = 0.002), or IUGR (P < 0.0001), and higher in women with PTB (P = 0.004). Kisspeptin increased with gestation greater in PET (P = 0.008) and PIH (P < 0.0001) than in healthy controls.

Conclusions: Plasma kisspeptin is a promising biomarker for pregnancy complications and provides additional diagnostic capability over that provided by βhCG alone.

Endocrine Abstracts

OC9.2