Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is probably one of the non-communicable diseases with raised levels of glucose in the blood due to insulin efficacy. The aetiology of disease combines both genetic and lifestyle or environmental factors. (GWAS) studies have been identified CAPN10 (SNP-19), FTO (rs-9939609), MTHFR (rs1801133) and PPARG (rs1801282) genetic polymorphism with susceptibility to T2DM. The susceptibility will increase by independent risk of genetic polymorphism, obesity and lifestyle factors as well as combinations of these factors. On this background, the present work tried to understand the association of Calpain10 (CAPN10), FTO, PPAR and MTHFR genetic polymorphisms, fat patterning and physiological variables like blood pressure and effect of lifestyle variables with T2DM in Bengalee Hindu caste population of Eastern India.

Materials and methods: The Present study consisted of 104 clinically diagnosed Type2 diabetes Mellitus Male patients and 176 apparently healthy males denoted as control group from Bengalee Hindu caste population of West Bengal, India. Genomic DNA was isolated from mouthwash using Phenol-Chloroform method with slight modifications. Genotyping for all the SNPs/variants was performed by using standard Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method and PCR- RFLP method. Data has been collected on height, weight, waist and hip circumference following standard techniques. Moreover, Percent Body Fat (PBF) and BMI were obtained by Body Scanner (Omron Karada Scan HBF-375) strictly following the manufacturer manuals. Subsequently, fasting blood glucose was also measured by Accuchek (Active) glucometer. Data on lifestyle variables has been obtained through pretested schedule.

Results: MTHFR (rs1801133) genetic variant were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with T2DM due to increased CT genotypes among Bengalee Hindu caste group. Apart from genetic risk factor, T2DM patients had (P < 0.05) higher central obesity (WC, WHR) as well as overall obesity (BMI, PBF) and Systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared with control group. Family history of T2DM, hypertension and family history of hypertension were significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the risk of T2DM.

Conclusion: The present study envisaged identification of genetic variants and anthropometric variables pertaining to obesity could be used as screening tool for early prognosis of T2DM among Bengalee Hindu caste population.