Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a springboard to metabolic and cardiovascular complications. The objective of our work was to investigate the different cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic type 2 population, and study relation between the level of cardiovascular risk and the occurrence of degenerative complications.

Patients and Methods: Retrospective study including 149 patients with type 2 diabetes consultant at the Department of Endocrinology at the Charles Nicolle hospital.

Results: Our population showed a mean age of 59.3 ± 10.6 years, sex ratio of 58.3% and an average of 9.61 years of diabetes. The age was a risk factor in 67.79% of the population and family history of cardiovascular disease were present in 6.04%. Smoking was present in 53%, alcoholism in 8.7% and inactivity in 38.2% of the population. 30.87% of patients were on overweight and 33.56% were obese with android obesity in 69.3% and an average waist size of 99.4 cm ± 11.62. We found a low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and high LDL cholesterol in respectively 65.6%, 34.6% and 34.9% of the population. Hypertension was present in 64.4% of the population. For diabetic macrovascular complications (23.9% of the population) we found coronary artery disease (21.4%), a cerebrovascular accident (6.4%), arteritis of the lower limbs (26.8%) and limb amputation (11.4%). Micoangiopathic complications of diabetes were found in 70.4% of the population with retinopathy in 66.6% neuropathy in 43.3% and autonomic neuropathy in 15.4% of the population. Renal failure was present in 34% of the population with a mean creatinine 105.2 umol/l. The overall cardiovascular risk in patients was calculated according to the SCORE tool with a high risk (5% ≤ SCORE < 10%) in 4.7% and a very high risk (score ≥10%) in 95.3% of the population. Among the latter group microangiopathy complications were more frequent with 69.3% against only 28% for the first group.

Conclusion: The presence of cardiovascular risk factors increases the risk of occurrence of degenerative complications of diabetes. This justifies the need for a comprehensive care, targeting both diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors in order to improve the profile of our diabetic patients.