Endocrine Abstracts

Background and objective: According to recent studies, adipose tissue produces important biological factors (adipokines include leptin, adiponectin, etc.) for hormonal, lipid and glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis development. The study of this factors and it’s correlation with maternal lipid metabolism and neonatal anthropometric characteristics would be of great interest.

This study aims to analyze lipid metabolism features in women with type 1 diabetes T1D and/or obesity and it’s correlation with newborns’ hormonal and anthropometric parameters.

Methods: A prospective observational study was performed in RSPC «Mother and child» in 2018–2019. 89 full-term neonates from mothers with DT 1 and excess body weight/obesity were divided into 4 groups: Gr1 – from mothers with T1D and BMI < 25.0 kg/m² (n = 25); Gr2 – from mothers with T1D and BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m² (n = 21); Gr3 – from mothers with BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m² (n = 18); control group (GrC) – from mothers without diabetes and healthy BMI (n = 25). Neonates’ BMI was 13.86 [13.14; 14.98], 14.36 [13.42; 14.77], 13.05 [12.57; 13.27], 12.00 [11.70; 12.04] kg/m² (P_1-C = 0.002, P_2-C = 0.002, P_3-C = 0.007, P_1–3 = 0.016, P_2–3 = 0.004), Z-scoreBody weigh – 0.90 [0.45; 3.10], 2.15 [1.18; 2.24], 0.60 [0.11; 1.10], −0.47 [–0.57; −0.16] (P_1-C = 0.002; P_2-C = 0.002; P_3-C = 0.012; P_2–3 = 0.001). Physical development indicators for newborns were assessed using Intergrowth-21st. Statistica 10.0 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Mothers’ serum cholesterol level during first stage of labor was 9.1 [7.9; 10.9], 9.8 [7.6; 10.4], 7.5 [6.1; 7.8], 9.4 [9.2; 10.0] mmol/l (P_1–3 = 0.006, P_2–3 = 0.018); TGc – 3.8 [2.6; 4.9], 3.8 [2.2; 5.1], 2.7[2.0; 3.3], 2.7 [2.5; 4.1] mmol/l (P_2–3 = 0.018); LDL-P – 4.4 [4.1; 5.9], 4.8 [3.9; 5.4], 3.7 [3.2; 4.2], 4.9 [4.4; 5.2] mmol/l (P_1–3 = 0.007, P_2–3 = 0.018). Leptin levels in the 1st day of life in Gr1, Gr2, Gr3− 5.10 [3.18; 28.06], 35.78 [6.43; 47.47], 5.46 [2.13; 9.16] ng/ml (P_2–3 = 0.043). Gr1, Gr2, Gr3, GrC cord blood leptin levels – 5.3 [4.0; 23.3], 7.9 [4.2; 49.5], 17.4 [7.3; 20.4] ng/ml. We found out a positive correlation between mothers’ TGc, HDLP and neonates’ cord blood leptin levels (r = 0.512, r = 0.658); TGc, LDL-P and leptin levels in the 1st day of life (r = 0.525, r = 0.523). We revealed a positive correlation (P < 0.05) between newborns’ hormonal and anthropometric parameters: leptin levels in the 1st day of life and body weight (r = 0.594), body weight z-score (r = 0.634).

Conclusions: Maternal lipid metabolism has great impact on their newborns’ hormonal and anthropometric parameters. Further study of metabolic disorders in babies from mothers with T1D and obesity can help to improve medical care quality in the neonatal period.