Endocrine Abstracts

The project study thyroid diseases which are common endocrine pathology in Uzbekistan appearing in women of reproductive age. We study thyroid hormones, since its close relation with the female reproductive hormones (estrogen and progesterone), ensure the normal functioning of the ovaries and the maturation of the eggs or its disorder. The study evaluated thyroid dysfunction – such as thyrotoxicosis or hypothyroidism – that might lead to an imbalance of reproductive hormones and might result in problems with fertility such as: impaired ovulation, irregular menstruation, the inability to conceive a child or premature birth.

Materials and methods: The subject of the research was the study of the effects of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism on menstrual dysfunction in women. The study involved 35 women aged between 19 to 40 years with a pathology of thyroid function, of which 20 patients with hyperthyroidism (Group A) and 15 patients with hypothyroidism (Group B). The diagnoses were determined on the basis of hormonal results, ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland and the ultrasound examination of uterus and appendages.

Results: Group A – examination of patients with hyperthyroidism, menstrual dysfunction was noted such as polymenorrhea in 7 patiens, algomenorrhea in 8 patients and oligomenorrhea in 5 of them. And among patients with hypothyroidism, amenorrhea in y4, oligomenorrhea in 6 and hypermenorrhea in 5 were detected. Group B – in the examination of patients with hypothyroidism, 7 of out 15 had complaints about galactorrhea, amenorrhea, hirsutism and anovulation. In these patients, we examined an increase in blood free fractions of testosterone, estradiol and prolactin. We also conducted an ultrasound study of the thyroid gland. In the Group A (hyperthyroidism), an increase in grade 2 thyroid gland was found in 9 patients, an increase in grade 3 thyroid gland in 8 patients, and a nodular goiter in 3 patients. In the Group B (hypothyroidism), an increase in grade 2 thyroid gland was observed in 4 patients, an increase in grade 3 thyroid gland in 5 patients and a nodular goiter in 6 patients.

Conclusion: Diseases of the thyroid gland, might adversely affect the functioning of the whole organism of women as a whole, and especially the reproductive system. Observed hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism may cause reproductive disorders and menstrual disorders, we might conclude that, these studies show us that dysfunction of the thyroid gland may lead in patients to menstrual disorders and farther to such deviations such as polymenorrhea, algomenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea and hypermenorrhea.