Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is a modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, inducing and aggravating insulin resistance and metabolic disorders, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes (DT2). Our objective was to study the prevalence of the different components of the metabolic syndrome in patients with comparing with a group of non-smoking diabetics.

Patients and methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Diabetology, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases department of the Ibn Rochd Hospital of Casablanca between 2016 and 2018, involving 322 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) divided into two groups., the first one is group of smokers (G1, n=98) and the second one is group of DT2 (G2, n=224) who have never smoked. The different metabolic syndrome parameters defined according to the criteria of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) were studied in both groups.

Results: Of the 322 patients with type 2 diabetes, 30.4% were smokers (G1) with a mean age of 41±2.4 years and a male predominance in 89% of cases. The results of the comparative study between the 2 groups showed that the smoker group had a lower BMI, a higher average HbA1C, a higher waist circumference and more frequent lipid abnormalities (P<0.01) than the G2. Moreover, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups compared to HTA (89% vs 80%). For degenerative complications, coronary artery disease, arterial disease, and diabetic nephropathy were significantly higher in the smoker group (G1) (P<0.01)

Conclusion: The results of our study confirm that smoking associated with diabetes increases the risk of degenerative complications by worsening metabolic syndrome. Smoking cessation is typically recommended to reduce cardiovascular risk, it also allows an objective improvement of insulin resistance and lipid disorders.