Endocrine Abstracts

The placenta is a highly specialized organ, which ensures nutrient uptake, waste elimination, provides thermo-regulation, prevents passage of some xenobiotic molecules and regulates the quantity of thyroid hormones (TH) necessary for the fetal development. It is known, that even minor changes in maternal TH levels, can alter the fetal growth. Several factors can modify TH levels during pregnancy. Among them, increasing evidences show that prenatal exposure to persistent organi...

Introduction: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) refers to uterine bleeding that is excessive or occurs outside of normal cyclic menstruation. The most common cause of AUB in adolescents is anovulatory cycles due to immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Additionally, endocrinological problems (hypothyroidism, hyperprolacitenemia, etc.) and bleeding disorders may cause AUB. The management of AUB begins with an assessment of whether or not the patient is hemodynamically sta...

Background: Virginal breast hypertrophy is a rare benign disease. It is a condition of abnormal enlargement of the breast tissue and is characterized by rapid and excessive growth of one or two breasts during peripubertal period. This condition causes significal psychological and physical discomfort to affected adolescents, such as feeling embarrassed, inability to find appropriate clothes, suffering from back and shoulders pain, perhaps the appearance of kyphosis under the we...