Endocrine Abstracts

Objectives: Pregnant women who are overweight or obese have an increased risk of complications during pregnancy, as do pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of overweight/obesity in pregnant women with DM1, and associated complications.

Patients and methods: Retrospective descriptive study of pregnant women with DM1 (2004–2014). Variables analyzed: age, initial body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, abortions, type of delivery and fetal malformations. Statistical analysis: comparing proportions with the chi-squared and comparing means with Student’s test.

Results: 156 pregnancies in women with DM1. Age 31.41±4.51 years. At the beginning of pregnancy, 50.4% were normal weight, 36.2% were overweight (12.4% grade 1 and 23.8% grade 2) and obesity was 10.5% (7.6% grade 1, 1.9% grade 2, 1% grade 3). 3% women had BMI <18.5 kg/m². Normal weight vs overweight/obesity: unplanned pregnancies 70.4 vs 66.7% (P=0.85); HbA1c (%) previous gestation 7.4±1.4 vs 7.4±1.2 (P=0.98), first trimester 7.4±1.7 vs 7.1±1.3 (P=0.88), second trimester 6.3±0.8 vs 6.5±0.8 (P=0.31), third trimester 6.5±0.8 vs 6.5±0.8 (P=0.88); newborn weight 3516.1±735.22 vs 3617.07±693.10 g (P=0.42); newborn size 50.9±2.4 vs 50.8±2.5 cm (P=0.76). Maternal and neonatal complications (%) normal weight vs overweight/obesity: maternal hypoglycemia 3.7 vs 6.7 (P=0.7); gestational hypertension 5.7 vs 12.2 (P=0.3); abortions 3.8 vs 9.5 (P=0.33); induced childbirth 58 vs 61 (P=0.92); caesarean section 38 vs 55 (P=0.12); macrosomia 29.4 vs 24 (P=0.71); congenital malformations 8 vs 7.1 (P=0.78); newborn hypoglycemia 6 vs 5 (P=0.93).

Conclusions: In our series, the prevalence of overweight/obesity in pregnant women with DM1 is high, occurring in almost half of pregnancies. There were no differences in glycemic control during gestation or in the occurrence of maternal or neonatal complications associated with overweight/obesity.