Endocrine Abstracts

Today diabetes (DM) is one of the largest global health emergencies. Each year a large number people live with this condition. Currently there are more than 422 mln people with DM worldwide. DM is one of the major public health problems in Georgia. Number of people with DM is on the rise, though no exact statistical data for Georgia exist. Diabetes Atlas (International Diabetes Federation, 2015) gives diabetes prevalence for Georgia of 7.9%, though these data are extrapolated ...

There is a bi-directional relationship between hypogonadism and type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome (T2DM/MetS). Studies show that up to 50% of men with MetS/T2DM have testosterone deficiency. Moreover, both hypogonadism and MetS confer increased health risk for morbidity and mortality. Men with MetS are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease and have a fivefold higher risk for developing T2DM. Notably, the inverse relationship between testosterone and MetS i...

This lecture focuses on, a patient with Cushing’s syndrome cased by bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. After adrenal surgery, there are major challenges in the care for this patient, that will be addressed: challenges in medical treatment (cortisol withdrawal and change of medication in hypertension en diabetes mellitus) as well as challenges in coaching (misconceptions in diabetes mellitus treatment, fears, educational needs with respect to hypercortisolisme and hypocortisol...

Patients diagnosed with Addison’s disease and diabetes mellitus type1, has a rare combination of two autoimmune conditions. Two diagnosis that requires a great deal of self-care. Patients have a potential risk to induce endocrine emergencies such as diabetic hypoglycemia, adrenal crisis and diabetic ketoacidosis. The lack of lifesaving hormones can put the patient in potential life threatening situations. I’ll share my experience in meeting these patients. Brief phys...

Short sleep duration and insomnia have been linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease and CVD related mortality. Likewise, obstructive sleep apnea has been shown to confer a higher cardiovascular risk and is reported to be associated with 52-70% of acute myocardial infarctions and strokes. Hypertension (HTN), diabetes (DM), weight gain, sleepiness, fatigue and depression have all been correlated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients with pituitary adenomas (PA), p...

The competence of endocrine nurse in the treatment of adrenal insufficiency (AI) is defined by the competence framework. Here is distinguished into Competent, proficient and expert. In these points, the nurse’s knowledge is presented and gives a good overview of already acquired knowledge and things to be learned. With the acquired knowledge the endocrine nurse is intended to treat, train and support patients with AI as far as possible. Due to differences in the health sy...

Adrenal insufficiency is a rare adrenal disorder that can be made more complicated by an adrenal crisis even to a life-threatening situation. An adrenal crisis occurs when the body has a shortage of the hormone cortisol. If the patient does not receive the correct treatment an adrenal crisis can be fatal. This can be avoided by correctly and carefully following the ‘stress instructions’ (also known as ‘sick day rules’). A significant percentage of patients ...

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A number of factors have been associated with the apparent increase in children with vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in developed countries: increased awareness, increased migration, children living with chronic illness or disabilities, effects of medication (e.g. glucocorticoids, anticonvulsants), use of sunscreen, changes in lifestyles and a rise in childhood obesity. The clinical features of VDD vary with age and degree of deficiency and importantly, calcium deficiency is now re...

Bone health is increasingly recognized as a crucial factor for quality of life. Osteoporosis, defined as bone impairment leading to an increased risk of fracture, is an important source of morbidity and even mortality in later life. Both male and female achieve the peak bone mass at around the age of 25 years. This peak is significantly lower in case of puberty and/or growth disorders, thus increasing the risk of osteoporosis later in life.Discussion: Ou...

Treatment of osteoporosis is all about prevention of fractures. It relies on a combination of approaches, including adjustments to the patient’s diet and lifestyle, pharmacological therapy, and patient education. Changes to the patient’s diet and lifestyle typically involve: optimizing calcium and vitamin D intake and exercise levels, cessation of smoking and reducing alcohol consumption. Pharmacological therapies used to treat osteoporosis by reducing the fracture r...