Endocrine Abstracts

Relevance: The main risk factors for developing diabetes type 2, such as obesity, overeating and a sedentary lifestyle are common to a variety of chronic non-infectious diseases.

Purpose of the study: Investigate the source of epidemiological indicators, risk factors for type 2 diabetes based on cross-sectional study of the population of Almaty city and Almaty region of Kazakhstan.

Methodology: The material for the research were population at the age of 18–69 years living in Almaty city and Almaty region. The study was conducted in three stages: interviews with respondents, physical measurements and laboratory tests.

Results of the study: Analysis of the survey results on a national basis has revealed a significant prevalence of diabetes among Russians (15.35%) compared with the Kazakhs (4.9% r·0.01), with other Asian ethnic groups (10.7%, r·0.05). But compare the results of Russians with other European nationality (8.3%) and Ukrainians (7.1%) have not showed significant differences (P> 0.05). The age has been proved as a significant risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes, and the ratio is 1: 9 (OR =9.266), ie in the age group over 45 years the risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases by 9 times. Genetic inclination of diabetes refers to a group of the absolute risk of diabetes; the analysis showed that the 271 respondents pointed to first-degree relatives with diabetes history, where diabetes occurred in 14.8%. The remaining 1304 people had no family history of diabetes, and diabetes among them was 5.8%. The ratio is almost 1: 3 (OR =2.920). Risk factors, obesity, blood pressure, concomitant cardiovascular disease, glucose and cholesterol in the blood plasma. Comparison of these factors in the groups of respondents with diabetes and without diabetes showed significant differences in body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP). The values of all parameters in patients with diabetes were significantly higher than in those without diabetes (P<0.05). The survey revealed that people with diabetes compared with those without diabetes suffer the hypertension 2 times harder, ischemic heart disease - more than 3 times, myocardial infarction occurs 6 times, stroke – 4 times more often.

Conclusion: Analysis of risk factors for type 2 diabetes of the population has confirmed the impact of such factors as race, age and genetic inclination on the prevalence of diabetes.