Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Type 2 DM is a disease caused by both insulin resistance and an insulin secretory defect.Reports suggest that vitamin D supplementation improves insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell function, however, there is paucity of data on vitamin D and glycaemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus in Nigeria.Objective: To determine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin resistance and pancreatic beta-cell function i...

Impaired glucoregulation is an important factor in the development of coronary heart disease. Numerous studies have reported a significant incidence of undiagnosed glucose intolerance in patients with coronary heart disease.Aim: The aim of our study was to compare the utility of HbA1c versus oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) in detecting glucose tolerance abnormality in patients with coronary heart disease admitted for elective coronarography.<p clas...

Background: Bariatric surgery aims to decrease cardiovascular risk factors. The Swedish Obese Subjects study reported that bariatric surgery was associated with reduction in long-term cardiovascular (CV) event. However, uncertainty remains regarding the effect of bariatric surgery on long-term CV risk. One way to predict long-term CV risk after bariatric surgery is to use cardiovascular risk assessment models.Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate ...

Background & objectives: Type 2 diabetes is on the increase especially among young people around the world due to increase in obesity and sedentary life style. Many risks scoring system has been developed and validated worldwide. Most are simple and inexpensive.This research was to determine the applicability of these scoring systems in our environment and to compare the sensitivity of the Finnish versus the Indian scoring system in OAU undergraduate...

Synthetic glucocorticoids are administered to pregnant women at risk of pre-term delivery to mature organs and improve neonatal survival. We have shown that glucocorticoid action is essential to mature the fetal heart. Here, we tested the hypotheses that antenatal glucocorticoid exposure, prior to the normal increase in glucocorticoid levels, will advance fetal heart maturation and this will depend on cardiovascular glucocorticoid receptor (GR).Male SMGR...

Background: Diabetes mellitus worldwide prevalence has risen significantly in the last two decades and type 2 diabetes mellitus makes up 90%. The control of this disease would largely be influenced by improved knowledge among the populace.Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice on prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus among undergraduate at Ile Ife.Methods: A cross-sectional survey using simple random sampling te...

Background: Diabetes is associated with multi-systemic complications. In male patients with diabetes, erectile dysfunction may be a worrisome condition and may result as an effect of diabetic complications, associated conditions such as hypertension and from the effects of drugs especially antihypertensives. Erectile dysfunction is increasingly being reported among diabetics with a resultant poor quality of life. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunc...

Introduction: There is growing real-world experience of the SGLT2 inhibitor class for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We performed an audit of clinico-biochemical effects of SGLT2 inhibitor use for patients with diabesity in the context of a tier-3 obesity service within a UK-based teaching hospital.Methods: We included patients with a confirmed diagnosis of T2D who had been treated with an SGLT2 inhibitor within licensed indications (monotherapy and add...

Background: Diabetes is the commonest cause of end-stage renal disease in the western world. However not all type 2 diabetic subjects develop renal disease, and of those who do, not all progress. At present it is not possible to identify patients who will progress.Aim: The aim of the study was to identify baseline risk factors for the development and progression of renal disease in a cohort with type 2 diabetes and use this data to generate risk equation...

Introduction: We undertook a service development audit within our trust to review the Medical team’s knowledge on DKA and the management involved in treating these patients. The aim was to identify where there was a lack of knowledge in this area so we could provide teaching sessions on DKA and aim at the specific areas highlighted from the audit. We went on to deliver education sessions on DKA management and pinpointed the areas lacking from the pre audit. The education ...

Background: Screening for primary aldosteronism (PA) needs aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) measurement, followed by confirmative tests.Aim: To assess the clinical value of captopril challenge test (CCT) in PA diagnosis.Methods: Thirty patients were screened for secondary endocrine hypertension; study group consisted in 15 PA patients (7M/8F, aged 44.6±13.3 years). Control group consisted in 15 patients (5M/10F) with negative ...

Approximately 25–40% of men with type 2 diabetes suffer from hypogonadism, mostly mixed type. Despite a clear association between diabetes and hypogonadism, the exact mechanism is not completely understood; insulin resistance, elevated oestradiol and inflammatory mediators may all have key roles. Studies so far, are conflicting on the benefits of testosterone on metabolic parameters in these men. Hughes et al and meta-analysis by Cai et al showed a significant improvement...

Objective: To analyze the effect of DM on frequency and severity of HE in patients with liver cirrhosis.Methods: Three hundred and fifty-two patients with liver cirrhosis were prospectively assessed for severity of liver disease and presence of DM in a multicenter study. The presence and severity of HE was determined using West Haven criteria. Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness-of-Fit Test was used to check normality of continuous variables. Modified Child Pugh...

Aim: The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of SMBG among patients attending a tertiary care hospital and to evaluate the impact of SMBG on glycemic control in participants with diabetes mellitus.Method: A random sample of 174 patients was selected for accrual in the study from the diabetic clinic of Nishtar Medical College Hospital Multan. Patients were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to elicit information about their self mana...

Introduction: Diabetic neuropathy affects up to 50% of the patients with long standing diabetes mellitus. The duration of diabetes and glycaemic control are correlated with the development of neuropathy. Distal symmetrical neuropathy results in numbness which facilitates ulcer development. Biothesiometry provides a quantitative assessment of neuropathy. Patients with threshold >25 V (grade II) are at a high risk of developing ulcers later.Aim: To det...

Background: Altered connexin expression and/or function is linked to the development and progression of secondary microvascular complications associated with diabetes. Despite this, we know little for the role of these small membrane proteins in the diabetic kidney. This study examines if glucose-evoked changes in TGF-β1 modulate connexin expression and gap junction-mediated intercellular communication in diabetic nephropathy.Methods: Biopsy materia...

Background: Changes in the expression of connexins have been linked to renal damage in diabetes and both hemi-channels and gap junctions represent potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. In the current study, we utilize model epithelial cells from human renal proximal tubules (HK2), to demonstrate a role for glucose and its downstream beta1 isoform of the pro-fibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor (TGFβ1) on connexin expression and h...

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects nearly is reported to be present in approximately 8% of cases of elective hip arthroplasty and an HBA1c >53 mmol/mol may be associated with poorer outcomes in these cases.Aims: To understand the demographics of DM patients in Glasgow undergoing elective hip arthroplasty over a 6 year period between Jan 2009 and Dec 2015 and the rate of post-operative complications.Methods: Patients wer...

Aims: Exercise increases beta cell health in people at risk of, and with established type 2 diabetes (T2D). These benefits of exercise have not been characterised in T1D. Over 10% of beta cells are still present at the time of diagnosis with T1D, and exercise has the potential to preserve them. We aimed to explore the mechanisms through which exercise could improve beta cell health in T1D by investigating the effects of exercise serum on apoptosis and proliferation of the MIN6...

Background: Peripheral arterial disease is a disorder due to obstruction of blood supply to extremities. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are predisposing factors.Objective: To determine if the presence of concurrent hypertension increases the risk of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in Nigerians with type 2 diabetes.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 160 persons living with diabetes mellitus (60 subjects ha...

Background: Human obesity can significantly contribute to hypertension risk, often referred to as the ‘silent killer’, although targeting whom with weight gain becomes clinically hypertensive is unclear. Whilst therapeutic intervention such as bariatric surgery can mitigate both obesity and hypertension, it is not the most suitable solution for all patients. Therefore an early biomarker detection system to assess hypertension in subjects with weight gain could reduce...

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide and people with diabetes have a 12–25% lifetime risk of developing a foot ulcer. This develops as a result of neuropathy, ischemia or both and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This study set out to determine the proportion and causes of diabetes related admissions and characterize the diabetic cases who presented with foot ulcer.Methodology: This was a r...

Introduction: Persons with Diabetes mellitus (DM) consume more of beans (Vigna unguiculata (Linn) Walp species) in Nigeria because of its low glycaemic index (GI). The quantity of beans consumed per meal has not been adequately considered.Objective: To determine the glycaemic load (GL) of among persons with DM.Methods: Twelve consenting T2DM persons and twelve healthy participants took part in this study. Anthropometric measurement...

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are common conditions that regularly coexist and can act synergistically to drive adverse outcomes. The prevalence of NAFLD in T2DM is 70%, with 16% having evidence of advanced hepatic fibrosis.Aims: Our study therefore had two aims: Firstly, to define the attitudes and current clinical practice of diabetes specialists towards NAFLD across the UK and secondly, to implement...

Introduction: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism are the commonest endocrine disorders in the general population. However, the effect that AITD may exert in β-cell secretion and insulin action in patients pre-diabetes has not been investigated before.Methods/design: One hundred and eighty-two patients (157 females) 46.5±14.2 years with pre-diabetes (impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or/and impaired glucose toler...

Many studies and treatment guidelines have emphasized that the treatment of DM extends beyond glycaemic control, but include lowering lipids, and blood pressure in people living with DM. According to The Task Force on Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), dyslipidaemia is strongly related to increased CVD risk. This study determined the prevalence of dyslipidaemia in Typ...

Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the 24 h chronomics of BP/HR in terms of Double amplitude, Acrophase and Hyperbaric index and its relation with circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol in night shift nurses and actual day workers.Material and methods: Fifty-six night shift nurses, aged 20–40 years, performing day and night shift duties were recruited from the Trauma Center, KGMU, India, and 56 age sex matched actual day workers we...

Introduction: Insulin resistance (IR) is a fundamental defect in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which is reported to be associated with other components of the metabolic syndrome including obesity and atherogenic dyslipidaemia. Routine measurement of insulin resistance in clinical practice is not practical, but other routinely measured clinical variables could predict the presence of IR. We aimed to determine the association of IR with obesity indices and lipid parameters in ...

Introduction: Patients with diabetes mellitus require insulin with disease progression to attain or maintain glycaemic targets. Patients and physicians work together to balance the advantages of improved glycaemic control with the risk of hypoglycaemia and increasing regimen complexity. Insulin Degludec (Tresiba) is an ultra-long-acting insulin analogue launched in the UK in March 2013 and is available in two strengths, 100 and 200 units/ml.Method: Retro...

Introduction: Pregnancy in women with pre-existing Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is known to carry a 3–5 times increased frequency of severe hypoglycaemia (SH) in the first compared to the third trimester. The main predictors are: pre-gestational SH, HbA1C <6.5%/48 mmol/mol, duration of diabetes and higher total daily insulin doses. Freestyle Libre or flash monitoring utilizes a 14 day tiny glucose sensor which is applied to the back of the arm and scanned with a reader, to ...