Endocrine Abstracts

Rickets is a condition only seen in growing children due to disorders that result in impaired apoptosis of hypertrophic cells and mineralisation of the growth plate and osteoid. Although there are a variety of causes of rickets vitamin D deficiency remains the commonest cause worldwide with evidence of a resurgence in some developed countries.

There are several modes of presentation of vitamin D deficiency dependent on the age and growth rate of the child. These include hypocalcaemic symptoms, progressive leg deformities and muscle weakness. A variety of aetiological factors are important in the potential development of rickets including reduced sunlight exposure, dark skin pigmentation, atmospheric pollution and prolonged exclusive breastfeeding. An additional important factor is poor dietary calcium intake with evidence suggesting this needs to be present in conjunction with vitamin D deficiency to cause the development of rickets.

This talk will review the clinical presentation of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents, discuss aetiological factors and subsequent treatment.