Association between type 1 diabetes and oral health status

Anna Poplawska-Kita; Katarzyna Siewko; Piotr Szpak; Beata Krol; Beata Telejko; Janusz Mysliwiec; Wanda Stokowska; Maria Gorska; Malgorzata Szelachowska

doi:10.1530/endoabs.32.P415

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Endocrine Abstracts (2013) 32 P415 | DOI: 10.1530/endoabs.32.P415

ECE2013 Poster Presentations Diabetes (151 abstracts)

Association between type 1 diabetes and oral health status

Anna Poplawska-Kita , Katarzyna Siewko , Piotr Szpak , Beata Król , Beata Telejko , Janusz Mysliwiec , Wanda Stokowska , Maria Górska & Malgorzata Szelachowska

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Medical University, Bialystok, Poland.

Aims: We assessed periodontal status in patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy individuals in relation to their glycemic control, smoking, and inflammatory biomarkers.

Methods: Periodontal status was examined in 107 patients with type 1 diabetes and 40 controls, using oral hygiene index (OHI), community periodontal index (CPI) and teeth number. CPI values of 0–2 and 3–4 were classified as non-periodontitis and periodontitis respectively. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting glucose, HbA1c, C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, interleukin 1, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).

Results: Periodontitis was found in 15.0% of the controls and 57.9% of diabetic patients, including 40.0% of these with good metabolic control (GMC, HbA1c ≤6.5%) and 59.5% of those with poor metabolic control (PMC). Severe periodontitis was much frequent in the PMC than in the GMC group (26.0 vs 20.0%), and than in the controls (5.0%). The PMC patients had lower number of sextants with CPI 0 (P<0.001) and higher number of sextants with CPI 3 (P<0.001) and CPI 4 (P<0.01), as well as lower teeth number (P<0.05) in comparison with the controls. The patients with peridontitis had higher fibrinogen (P<0.01) and TNF-α (P<0.001) concentration, as well as higher OHI (P<0.001) than had the patients without peridontitis. The number of sextants with CPI 0 correlated negatively with fibrinogen and TNF-α levels, whereas the number of sextants with CPI 3 correlated positively with TNF-α and fasting glucose level.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that poor metabolic control of diabetes together with smoking and inadequate oral hygiene increase the risk of severe periodontal destruction in patients with type 1 diabetes.