Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction.: The diagnosis of GH deficiency (GHD) is based on decreased GH peak in stimulating tests (GHST). Recently, GHD has been re-defined as secondary IGF1 deficiency (IGFD). However, IGF1 may increase during GH therapy in the patients with normal GH peak in GHST, suggesting a diagnosis of non-primary IGFD (npIGFD).The aim of the study was to compare GH therapy effectiveness in children with GHD and with npIGFD (responding to GH administration des...

Background: Over the last 60 years body composition of young people have changed towards increased fatness. Whole body fat percentage (%BF) derived from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans are (although often not available) widely recognized as a better measure of fatness than BMI.Objective: We aimed to provide reference materials for %BF of healthy Danish children evaluated by skinfold measurements and DXA and to compare sensitivity and specifi...

Background: HIV-infected paediatric patients usually show impaired growth. Data reporting abnormalities in GH–IGF–IGFBPs system are scarce and inconclusive.Aim: To analyse blood concentration of the major components of IGF–IGFBPs system in these children and compare them to growth parameters and to cytokines levels.Methods: prepubertal HIV-infected children, aged 8.2±1.7 years, were evaluated every 6 months duri...

Introduction: The presence of glandular breast tissue in males around puberty, pubertal gynaecomastia, is a very common (40–60%) condition although the aetiology behind is poorly understood. It is generally accepted that pubertal gynaecomastia is caused by an excess of estrogens and/or a deficit of androgens. However, other hormones such as prolactin, GH and IGF1 may also affect ductal growth of the breast.Design: A cross-sectional study of 518 heal...

Introduction: There is only few data on metabolic syndrome occurrence in young patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency (CO-GHD), especially its partial form.Aim: The aim of this study was the assessment of the metabolic syndrome criteria (according to IDF 2007) occurrence in adolescents and young adults with CO-GHD and evaluation of their correlations with the degree of GH/IGF-1 axis function impairment.Subjects and methods: Th...

Introduction: Premature pubarche (PP) is most often related to idiopathic premature adrenarche (IPA). However, it is a diagnosis of exclusion and differential diagnosis must include milder and nonclassic variants of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).Purpose: To identify clinical predictors of CAH and IPA in children with PP.Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted including children seen for PP between 2001 and...

Aim: To define the main predictors of metabolic control in children and adolescents and evaluate its improvement along the years.Methods: We included children and adolescents with 1DM, with more than two years of disease. Data were collected at 2005 and at 2012. Sex, age and severity at diagnosis, therapy in the last year, age at onset of multiple daily insulin injections (MDII) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), number of group educati...

Introduction: Subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) is defined as elevated level of TSH with normal levels of thyroid hormone. In obese children there is a high frequency of this disturbance. However, the influence of sHT on therapy success and an appearance of metabolic complications in childhood obesity is unclear. Furthermore, the supplementation L-thyroxin (L-T4) in this case seems to be very controversial.Aim: The...

Background: Little is known about the possible deleterious effects of phthalate exposure on endogenous sex steroid levels in childrenDesign: A longitudinal study.Materials and methods: 168 Healthy children (84 girls) were examined every 6 months for 5 years, with pubertal staging, measurements of serum levels of DHEAS and Δ4-androstenedione (Adione) and repetitive longitudinal morning urinary measurements of 14 phthalate metab...

Introduction: In majority of patients with childhood-onset GH deficiency (GHD), normalisation of GH secretion at the attainment of final height (FH) is observed. However, different criteria for GHD diagnosis may be considered.The aim of the study was to compare the auxological and hormonal data of the patients with persistent and transient GHD, diagnosed according to different criteria.Patients and methods: The analysis comprised 1...

Background: Obesity is associated with adipocyte dysfunction, characterized by an impaired secretion of adipokines, which leads to a systemic inflammatory status.Aim: To characterize adipokines’ profile in a group of obese children and adolescents.Method: A case–control study comparing 102 obese children (BMI ≥95th percentile; aged 10–18 years) to a group of 43 healthy controls matched for age and pubertal stat...

Introduction: In children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), central precocious puberty (CPP) may occur and this situation may compromise final height. We aimed to evaluate the effect of GnRH analog therapy (GnRHa-T) on growth in children with CAH.Design: Ten children with CAH were included in ongoing follow-up study. Nine children underwent GnRH stimulation test. GnRHa-T was used as 3.75 mg/q 4 weeks and the dose had to be increased to 7.5 mg/q ...

Introduction: Adolescence is a crucial period for linear growth, and sports training during this time may have positive or negative effects on some physiological processes as growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intense training during somatic growth on the onset of puberty and growth development in adolescent wrestlers.Description of methods/design: Fifty adolescent male wrestlers and 21 sedentary healthy male controls aged 13...

Background: GH receptors are present in ovaries and GH may have a physiological role for ovarian function and development.Objective and hypothesis: The objective of this study was to examine pubertal development and ovarian growth and differentiation during GH therapy.Methods: Clinical characteristics, reproductive hormones and ultrasonographic examination of the internal genitals were determined in 18 prepubertal girls during 3 ye...

Background: Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is a step in the evaluation of children and adolescents with tall stature for documenting a possible autonomous GH secretion.Aim: Assessment of GH dynamics in OGTT in children and adolescents with tall stature in various stages of pubertal development for documenting a possible autonomous GH secretion.Method: Our study included 44 subjects, 18 girls and 26 boys, with age between 6.5 an...

Obesity and thyroid function in children – cross-sectional study.Background: Obesity in children has been increasing dramatically, with a significant increase in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases risk. The role of thyroid dysfunction has been extensively analyzed in obese adults, but to a limited extent in children.Aims: To estimate the prevalence of hyperthyrotropinemia in obese children and to analyze the influence of BM...

Introduction: The final height of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) seems to be compromised. That can happen because of the disease itself or because an excessive dose of corticoids used during treatment. This work evaluates the final stature SDS of a group of patients with CAH and correlates it with 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels (17OHP) and corticoid dose at 10 years of age and at puberty onset.Methods: Selection of children with CAH di...

Priming with sex steroids prior to stimulation tests for the diagnosis of GH deficiency (GHD) in peripubertal years remains controversial, though some evidence suggests its utility in improving the specificity of GH testing for the distinction between idiopathic GHD (IGHD) and constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP). However, few data are available on the final height (FH) of untreated CDGP patients. In order to better understand the usefulness of priming, we analyze...

Presumption, nausea, bowel distension, abdominal pain and early satiety are very common in patients with Anorexia nervosa (AN). These problems may give rise to significant medical complications and may contribute to increased difficulties with refeeding and weight restoration. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of gatrointestinal treatment on weight gain in AN patients. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy with gastric mucose biopsy were performed in 19 AN patients (DSM-...

Introduction: Compared to secondary amenorrhea, primary amenorrhea is deemed to be a rare condition. Our aim is to study its annual frequency during a long period of time, and to analyze its different aetiologies in an Endocrine Department.Methods: All patients referred for primary amenorrhea between 1980 and 2012 were studied. We took in account personal and family history, clinical examination, hormonal, cytogenetic and immunological assessments, and r...

Background: Low-serum concentrations of 25(OH)-vitamin D are associated with insulin resistance in adults. Recent in vitro studies have suggested that vitamin D may play a role in the regulation of adiponectin, leptin and resistin; since all these adipokines are related to insulin sensitivity modulation, they might represent a link between vitamin D status and insulin resistance.Aim: To identify possible correlations between 25(OH)-vitamin D ser...

Metabolic liver dysfunction can be a causative factor for morbity and mortality in Berardinelli–Seip syndrome patients. We evaluated hepatic function in 29 Berardinelli–Seip patients. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was present in 23 of them. We analyzed biochemical parameters including AST, ALT, GGT, ALP levels and liver non invasive imaging aspects. The liver was graded as normal, mild, moderate, or severe hepatic steatosis.Results: We could not find ...

Profound hypothyroidism leading to coma has not been reported in adolescents.Case presentation: A 13-year-old adolescent girl presented with coma. Mother reported fatigue, increased sleepiness, deterioration of school performance, apathy, secondary amenorrhea, change in voice, and weight gain for 5 months. No history of dyspnea, palpitations or chest pain, drug intake, trauma, or any systemic illness. No family history of endocrine disorders was reported...

Aim: Evaluate the data of anamnesis, clinical-laboratory parameters, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, response to treatment in children with hyperprolactinemia (HProlact).Methods: We analyzed retrospectively 16 patients in the endocrinological department of University hospital (Minsk) with HProlact over 2004–2012 years. Boys (B) 6 (37.5%) (stage on Tanner 1 – 1 (17%); stage 2–3 – 3 (50%), stage 4 – 2 (33%), age at diagn...

Aim: The Genetics and Neuroendocrinology of Short Stature International Study (GeNeSIS) is an open-label multinational observational study which collects information on management, clinical outcomes and treatment safety of children with growth disorders. Here we present descriptive data from the Greek cohort.Methods and results: In Greece, 211 children (44.5% females, 136 naive to GH treatment at study entry and 18 not GH-treated) have been enrolled, aft...

Objective: To determine the Predictors of growth response to GH treatment in a group of isolated idiopathic GH (GH).Patients and methods: 477 GH deficient (GHD) children with GH therapy were included in the study. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year up to 6 years. Multiple linear regressions were done to identify predictors of growth response to rhGH in the first 4 years of treatment.Results: In the first year, three ...

Introduction: Williams–Beuren syndrome is a rare genetic condition with clinical manifestations that include a distinct facial appearance, cardiovascular anomalies that may be present at birth or may develop later in life, idiopathic hypercalcemia, and a characteristic neurodevelopmental and behavioral profile.Case report: We present a particular case of a 3.5 years old boy, born SGA at 39 weeks of gestation with neonatal hypoxia, diagnosed at 1.6 y...

Introduction: Di George syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by deletion of chromosome 22. The main features are congenital heart defects, absence or hypoplasia of thymus (with consecutive immunodeficiency and infections), hypoparathyroidism with hypocalcaemia, gastrointestinal problems, delayed psychomotor development, craniofacial abnormalities, tendency to develop seizures and psychiatric disorders.Case report: We present the case of two patients wit...

Objective: To study the growth response to GH treatment in GH deficient patients. Also to report the possible side effects emerging during treatment with GH.Patients and methods: 477 GH deficient (GHD) children were included in the study. All patients received biosynthetic GH therapy at a dose of 20 IU/m2 per week. Patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year and up to 6 years as anthropometric assessment was performed every 3 months, whi...

Introduction: In medical practice ambiguous genitalia is a relatively are condition. The combination of two causes in genital malformation is exceptional. Our aim is to describe a person having an abnormal karyotype with a chimerism (46,XY/46,XX) and a deficit in 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 (17β-HSD): an enzyme in the testes that transforms D4 Androstenedione to testosterone and androstenedione to dihydro testosterone or DHT.Case report:...

Aim: To find and study character of clinical disorders of children and adolescents (boys) with different disorders of puberty development.Materials and methods: During April–May 2012 we examined 521 children and adolescents (boys) in Bukhara city and four Bukhara districts schools. 143 of them were underwent general clinical examination as well as biochemical and hormonal investigations (levels of LH, FSH, GH, testosterone, sex-steroid ass. globulin...

Aim: To study hormonal results of investigation of adolescents (boys) with delay of puberty.Materials and methods: We choice 32 teenagers from 106 boys with symptoms of delay of puberty development in the age of 15 years old. They were underwent general clinical examination as well as biochemical and hormonal investigations (levels of LH, FSH, GH, testosterone, prolactin, cortisol, TSH, T4, radio-immunological lab of The Center of Endocrinolog...