Endocrine Abstracts

Objective: To define diagnostic value of cytogram analysis of different types of oral cavity mucous epithelium in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients using cytological methods.

Material and methods: Material for cytological analysis was oral cavity mucous swab in 22 healthy people and 41 sick ones with type 2 diabetes mellitus at subcompensational stage. The group under study was homogenous in age, sex and biorhythmic type. Oral swabs were fixed in spirit–acetone and were May-Grunvald’s and Romanovsky-Himsa’s dyed. In swabs at the rate of 1000 cells the epithelical cells at various stages of differentiation were determined. Differentiation and cornification indexes of epithelial cells (DI and CI) were calculated in the swabs according to cytograms. Moreover, blood glucose level was determined. Correlation analysis and student’s criteria were used.

Results: Research in lining type mucous (lips and cheeks) showed that in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on the second day in hospital the DI and CI significantly increased (P<0.01). In specialized type mucous epithelium cytogram (tongue) DI and CI increased but in a less degree (P<0.05). According to the data obtained from the cytogram analysis of chewing type mucous epithelium (gingivia and hard palate) figures of DI and CI did not differ from the norm. Strong correlation between high DI and CI in the lip and cheek cytogram and increased blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus were observed.

Conclusion: The present study shows that cytological indexes of lining type mucous are the most informative for type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnostic. Obvious increase of DI and CI of lining type mucous cytogram against increased content of blood plasma glucose level indicate hyperglycemia during two previous weeks.

Declaration of interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.

Funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sector.