Endocrine Abstracts

Aim: To develop non-invasive cytochemical diagnostic technique and monitoring of compensation of diabetes mellitus type 2.

Materials and methods: Material for cytological and cytochemical analyses was oral swab cheek in 22 healthy people and 33 sick ones with type 2 diabetes mellitus at sub compensation stage. The group under study was homogenous in age (45–65 years), sex (men) and biorhythmic type. Experiments were performed on human subjects and local Ethical Committee approval was obtained. Oral swabs were fixed in spirit–acetone and were McManus dyed. For glycogen identification in mucous cells computer morphodencytometria was used. Moreover, blood glucose level was determined. For mathematical data processing correlation analysis and Student’s criteria were used. The research results reveal dramatically reduced glycogen optical density in mucous cells in the patients on the second day in hospital. In type 1 transient cells it reaches 0.081±0.66 vs 0.32±0.008 units in norm (P<0.01), in type 2 transient cells it reduses to 0.073±0.004 vs 0.2±0.007 units in norm (P<0.01) and in surface cells density reduces to 0.054±0.007 vs 0.011±0.006 units in norm (P<0.05). Glycogen optical density in mucous cells significantly increases on the 6 and 12 days of treatment by drugs of metformin and sulfanilureal groups (P<0.01), but does not reach the norm. Strong correlative connections are revealed between glycogen concentration in buccal epithelial cells, blood glucose level and authentic changes of differentiation and cornification indexes of oral swab epithelial cells.

Conclusion: In this way, suggested noninvasive histochemical method allows to diagnose and monitor the compensation level of metabolic processes in the type 2 diabetes mellitus and reduce the period of its control and risk of its complication development.