Endocrine Abstracts

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Obesity and associated insulin resistance are associated with increased numbers of infiltrating macrophages at various sites of white adipose tissue. The adipose tissue macrophages are considered to be a major cause of obesity-associated chronic low-grade inflammation. The macrophages present in adipose tissue secrete a wide variety of proinflammatory molecules including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)...

The clinical efficacy of strict glucose control against risk of diabetic macrovascular complications, despite effective treatment, has been disappointing, pointing to non-glucose related etiologic factors. Elevated inflammatory advanced glycation end products (AGEs), or Glycotoxins, known to increase the incidence and severity of diabetic complications, are recently shown to impair insulin production and insulin actions, hence are involved in the etiology of diabetes and insul...