Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology
How to optimize the management of thyroid associated orbitopathy
Thyroid associated orbitopathy affects approximately a third of patients with Graves disease. It is responsible for significant symptoms, poor quality of life, and if neglected can cause blindness. Early diagnosis of Graves ophthalmopathy is paramount as is early detection of sight-threatening disease. All but the mildest cases are best referred to centres who provide multidisciplinary care and have the experience and expertise on managing this condition. Treatment...
Laproscopic and cortical sparing surgery in adrenal tumors
Abstract unavailable....
Clinical: adolescent and adulthood gynecomastia
Gynecomastia (Gm) is defined as increased mammary gland size in male and must be distinguished from lipomastia. Mammary tissue is present in children of both sexes. The gland does not develop when androgens (A) prevail over estrogens (E). In men molar ratio of plasma testosterone to estradiol is about 300 to 1. Any deviation from this ratio, be it through diminished A or increased E, can lead to Gm. Testes maturation requires both A and E and palpable mammary tissue is present...
Treatment of osteoporosis
Osteoporosis affects more than 75 million people in Europe, United States and Japan, and more than 4.5 million osteoporotic fractures occur in Europe and United States. The aim of treating osteoporosis is to reduce risk of fractures and to improve quality of life of patients with preexisting fractures. Several interventions to prevent and reduce fracture risk are being recommended. These include adequate intake of calcium (at least 1000 mg per day), vitamin D (at least 800 mg ...
Growth in childhood and adolescence as function of hormonal activity and nutrition
A prerequisite milieu for normal growth is an intact hormonal system, adequate nutrition and normal physical activity. Any arm of this triangle, if interrupted, may change the normal growth pattern. Timing and interval range of disruption of this homeostasis, may affect the outcome up to irreversible results. The 3 polynomial growth model of Karlberg helps to detect, past irreversible growth retardation and in foresee and prevent growth deteriorationA no...
Menopausal hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease: the women's health initiative (WHI) randomized placebo-controlled hormone trials
The Womens Health Initiative (WHI) placebo-controlled trial of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) plus medroxyprogesterone (MPA) in 16 608 postmenopausal women, aged 5079 at randomization, was stopped after an average of 5.6 years of follow-up, due to increased risks, including increased coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, and pulmonary embolism (PE), compared to health benefits. The WHI trial of CEE only in 10 739 women with prior hysterectomy, also aged 50...
Cushing's syndrome: pitfalls in diagnosis and management
Drug interactions, intercurrent pathological states may interfere with routine diagnostic tests. Authentic hypercortisolic states can be present without Cushings syndrome, such as in depression, anorexia nervosa, alcoholism, pregnancy. Mild forms of Cushings syndrome, or fluctuating cases are other usual pitfalls.When the diagnosis of Cushings syndrome is firmly established there are still many potential pitfalls in the etiological diag...
New drugs in the management of the obese patients
In the prevalence of obesity has increased worldwide reaching 30% of the adult population in some countries. Direct and inferential evidences show that this excess of body fat is associated with adverse health consequences, and that even a modest 5 to 10% weight loss results in substantial improvement in health. Considering the limited efficacy of the so-called life style interventions based on diet plus exercise in the obese subjects, and that bariatric surgery is...
ea0020me10 | (1) | ECE2009
Nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
Dacou-Voutetakis Catherine , Dracopoulou-Vabouli Maria
CAH results from an enzymatic defect in the synthesis of cortisol from cholesterol in the adrenal cortex. It is a monogenic disorder transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. More than 90% of the cases are caused by a deficiency of 21-hydroxylase (21OHD). Patients with 21OHD are categorized into 2 main forms: classical (salt wasting and simple virilizing) and nonclassical (NC).The frequency of the NC form varies in the different populations and the me...
ea0020me11 | (1) | ECE2009
The relative value of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D measurements
After synthesis in the skin or intake with the diet, vitamin D3 is hydroxylated in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and subsequently in the kidney to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). The major vitamin D store is the circulating 25(OH)D. The serum 25(OH)D concentration is the measurement of choice to assess the vitamin D status. It is relatively stable and not directly influenced by hormones or calcium in the diet. The half life of serum 25(OH)D is around 25 day...
ea0020me12 | (1) | ECE2009
Primary aldosteronism
Primary aldosteronism is the most common secondary cause of hypertension. Less than 50% of patients with the disorder have a solitary aldosterone producing adenoma. In the most common presentation, patients present with bilateral hyper-secretion of aldosterone. The aetiology of this is uncertain. Studies within our own group have suggested that there is an underlying genetic predisposition to develop hypertension with a raised aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR) associated with v...
ea0020me13 | (1) | ECE2009
New pharmaceutical contraceptive approaches
The pharmaceutical armamentarium available for contraception is remarkable and extraordinary progress has been achieved since 1960, when the first hormonal contraceptive, Enovid, was approved in the USA. However, the demand for new methods, for improvement of existing methods, and easier availability, remains extraordinary. Indeed, the number of unintended pregnancies is still too high, averaging 40% of all pregnancies. In addition, 50% of these pregnancies are followed by abo...
ea0020me14 | (1) | ECE2009
Molecular biology for clinicians
In this lecture, fundamental concepts in the area of molecular biology will be presented. These include biologys and biotechnologys central dogma; the human genome project; the discordance between human gene number and corresponding protein number; and gene cloning techniques. Also presented will be procedures used to determine gene number and location (Southern blotting) and levels of gene expression at the RNA (Northern blotting, reverse transcription...
ea0020me15 | (1) | ECE2009
Diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in childhood
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has historically been considered an exclusive disease of adulthood until late 1970s when reports of increased prevalence in pediatric age group emerged in the literature. The concerning increase in the rate of diagnosis of T2DM in children and adolescents has continued parallel to the increasing rates of obesity. The disease is not specific to the United States, it has been recognized as a global problem.T2DM of yout...
Endocrine Abstracts
ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
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