Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Androgens are known to play an important role in renal tubular epithelial cell growth, hypertrophy and erythropoetin production, however the exact mechanisms are not clear yet. 5α-dihydrotestosterone is synthesized primarily in gonads and skin, and is the most used androgen in studies. However, little is known about testosterone effects in non-gonadal tissues.

Methods: Male Wistar rats aged 8–10 weeks were orchiectomized and put on a low- or high-salt diet over 5 weeks. In addition, they received either placebo, testosterone (1 mg/animal) or 5α-dihydrotestosterone(DHT) (1 mg/animal) as daily s.c. injection over 16 days (each group n=6). In further experiments, rats were treated with mineralocorticoid antagonist spironolactone (50 mg/kg weight per day), which exerts anti-androgenic properties, or androgen receptor antagonist flutamide (30 mg/kg weight per day) additionally to testosterone or DHT. Blood and organs were secured after decapitation.

Results: Prostate weight was reduced in ovariectomized rats (20±5 mg); testosterone and DHT treatment significantly increased prostate weight (377±35 and 103±37 mg respectively). Flutamide treatment completely abolished this effect; spironolactone did not show an effect. Testosterone serum concentrations reached 9–13 ng/ml in testosterone and 0.6–1 ng/ml in DHT treated rats; testosterone levels were higher in flutamide than in spironolactone treated animals. DHT serum concentrations were 0.8–1.6 ng/ml in testosterone and 0.5–1.3 ng/ml in DHT treated rats. No significant differences were observed in estradiol concentrations between the groups. Kidney weight increased significantly in testosterone but not in DHT treated animals. The testosterone effect was reversed by flutamide, but not by spironolactone treatment. In addition, the body weight increase was higher in testosterone treated than in control animals, and was significantly diminished by flutamide treatment.

Conclusions: These results highlight the anabolic effects of testosterone in non-gonadal tissues, especially in kidney epithelial cell growth and hypertrophy. These results indicate the need for further studies of testosterone effects.